The History of Scissors

Leonardo da  Vinci has often been credited with inventing scissors, but they predate his lifetime by many centuries. Nowadays, it’s hard to find a household these days that doesn’t have at least one pair. Ancient Scissors The ancient Egyptians used a version of scissors as long ago as 1500 B.C. They were a single piece of metal, typically bronze, fashioned into two blades that were controlled by a metal strip. The strip kept the blades apart until they were squeezed. Each blade was a scissor. Collectively, the blades were scissors, or so rumor has it. Through trade and adventure, the device eventually spread beyond Egypt to other parts of the world. The Romans adapted the Egyptians  design in 100 A.D., creating pivoted or cross-blade scissors that were more in line with what we have today. The Romans also used bronze, but they sometimes made their scissors from iron as well. Roman scissors had two blades that slid past each other. The pivot was situated between the tip and the handles to create a cutting effect between the two blades when they were applied to various properties.  Both Egyptian and Roman versions of scissors had to be sharpened regularly. Scissors Enter the 18th Century Although the actual inventor of scissors is hard to identify, Robert Hinchliffe, of Sheffield, England, should be rightfully acknowledged as the father of modern scissors. He was the first to use steel to manufacture and mass-produce them in 1761 -- more than 200 years after da  Vinci’s death. Pinking shears  were first invented and patented in 1893 by Louise Austin of Whatcom of Washington to facilitate pinking and scalloping and as a marked improvement over ordinary pinking irons and tools.† Here are some mentions of scissors in print publications over the years, as well as a bit of folklore. From Emar, Capital of Astata, in the 14th  Century BCE By Jean-Claude Margueron Besides ceramics, occasionally collected in large quantities, the houses produced stone and metallic objects illustrating both day-to-day needs and the activities of city merchants: beer filters,  containers, arrow and javelin heads, scales of armor, needles and  scissors,  long nails,  bronze scrapers, millstones, mortars, many kinds of grindstones, pestles, various tools and stone rings. From  The Story of Scissors  by J. Wiss Sons, 1948 Egyptian bronze shears of the Third Century B.C., a unique object of art.  Showing Greek influence although with decoration characteristic of Nile culture, the shears are illustrative of the high degree of craftsmanship which developed in the period following Alexanders conquest of Egypt.  Decorative male and female figures, which complement each other on each blade, are formed by solid pieces of metal of a different color inlaid in the bronze shears. Sir Flinders Petrie ascribes the development of cross-bladed shears to the First Century. In the Fifth Century, the scribe Isidore of Seville  describes cross-bladed shears or scissors with a center pivot as tools of the barber and tailor. Folklore and Superstition More than one expectant mother has placed a pair of scissors beneath her pillow at night somewhere toward the end of her ninth month of pregnancy. Superstition says that this will â€Å"cut the cord† with her baby and prompt labor. And heres another tall tale: Don’t hand those scissors to your best friend. Place them on any available surface and let your friend pick them up. Otherwise, you risk severing your relationship. Some say that those scissors languishing in your catch-it-all drawer can help keep evil spirits out of your home. Hang them by one handle near your door so they form a version of a cross.

Honors Program Is A Great Feeling - 936 Words

Hearing your name in a sentence after graduating with honors is a great feeling. That feeling of accomplishment and acknowledgment is completely due for the work you put in. Except, what does honors really mean? Is honors achieved the same way at Clayton State as in Georgia State? Does honors have the same goal in both of these institutions? The Clayton State’s Honors program’s initiative is to create critical thinkers, strong writers, and community involved individuals. I believe the Clayton State Honors Program does not provide exemplary results in critical thinking and improved writing skills or allows students to explore personal interest compared to a History Minor. How is the Clayton State University Honors Program formatted? The Honors program is organized of four pre-selected courses: World History, Intro to Philosophy, Critical Thinking, and Aesthetics, with two contract courses or research projects. The two contract courses can be filled with Study Abroad clas ses or selecting a normal class of your interest and enhancing it to the Honors level. What exactly is the honors level of work at Clayton State? Alexander Hall the president of the Honors College stated that â€Å"The honors level of work usually requires extra assignments and more in-depth lectures of topics the normal classes would cover.† Work is sometimes more creative, like being given research projects and being allowed to work directly under professors on assignments. Moreover, a History Minor is set upShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Community College Students731 Words   |  3 Pageswalk around campus with my head down in disappointment with myself. Every time somebody asked where I went to school I would cringe and respond softly â€Å"LaGuardia Community College† and would get a response like â€Å"oh that’s good† as if to spare my feelings. 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She knew I would be an excellent candidate for the program, would be able to balance my schoolwork along with being on basketballRead MoreBullying Is Becoming A More Visual And Talked About Concern1142 Words   |  5 Pagesbullying is of great interest to me after experiencing it firsthand. I work for the federal government, and they have policies and that could have properly dealt with the situation, but management failed to execute their own regulations. Workplace bullying is defined as unwanted behavior, verbal or physical, that is viewed as offensive, embarrassing, or objectionable to the recipient. It can also be interpreted as the misuse of power to intimidate somebody in a way which leaves them feeling hurt, angryRead MoreReflections from the Yearbook Editor757 Words   |  3 PagesStudent Council and gets lost in the maze. The whole yearbook gives you a sense of calm and exaggeration. The blue makes the yearbook colors flow, but the three dimensional effects make the pages unique. 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Being in Honors English 1 has been an opportunity that not even my hard work can redeem my debt. I belong here because I will never let my own actions take this chance away from me, I will battle against everything and everyone to make this my own. I also believe I have the strong sense of an over-achiever, I will not hesitate to take things to the next level. Another reason why I belong here is because my passion for writing and reading has never failed me and I know I can do great things hereRead MoreGraduation Speech : Senior Honors Program1321 Words   |  6 Pages 1. I would like to enroll in the Senior Honors Program, because I think it will be an excellent way to complete my experience as a sociology undergraduate student at UC Berkeley. Since transferring to UC Berkeley in the Fall of 2015, many of the courses I have taken have focused on research and its importance to the field of sociology. 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Fertilizer Industry Pakistan Free Essays

The enhanced productivity in agriculture sector can be achieved by improved and efficient crop husbandry. Applying fertilizers in required quantity and quality at appropriate times with the using of other inputs can improve yield per healthcare of agriculture crops. In the article, the production of fertilizers, factors that affect on it and other relevant aspects have been analyzed. We will write a custom essay sample on Fertilizer Industry Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction The fertilizer industry has played a significant and responsible role in the development of both the agriculture and industrial sectors of economy. Fertilizer Industry is in turmoil due to 70% rise in gas prices in the year 1999. Agriculture sector occupies the dominant position but failed to give due attention to Economic Development. The yield per hectare is low in our country due to various reasons. Using Fertilizer in required quantity and quality at appropriate time is best hope to improve per hectare yield if irrigation water and certified seeds are provided according to requirement and weather conditions are favorable, because fertilizer provides essential nutrients which are required for the smooth growth of a plant. At the time of independence of Pakistan, there was no any fertilizer factory but at present eleven fertilizer units work both in private and public sectors. The Government imports fertilizers by investing huge foreign exchange every year in order to meet the requirement of farmers which results in balance of payment crisis and shortage of food. In England in 1842 Sir John Lawes treated bones with sulphuric acid and began producing a product he called superphosphate. In 1685, or the first time, potassium was Detected in the rock salt mined at stassfurt, Germany. This discovery led to the foundation of the potash industry. In Pakistan, Fertilizer is produced since 1957, at present five types of fertilizer i. e. N, CAN, AS, NP, and SSP are produced and marketed besides imported Fertilizers, by both Public and Private Sector. How to cite Fertilizer Industry Pakistan, Papers

Events Planning and Management Brand Manage

Question: Summarise Virgin Atlantics background and history, turnover, management structure, current corporate goals and targets, and markets. Your summary should use material from the Virgin Atlantic website, and other relevant online sources. Develop a SWOT analysis to identify Virgin Atlantics current situation in relation to its main competitors. You should identify a minimum of three strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Your model should be developed referencing core marketing texts with content developed from articles and web sites . Describe the marketing mix and its role in marketing, referencing two relevant theories and concepts. Explain how Virgin Atlantic use the different elements of the marketing mix to promote their brand. You should apply at least one other theoretical model learnt during your lectures. Your explanation should be illustrated with specific examples of Virgin Atlantics events, promotional activities and target audiences . Create a diagram explaining how special events are defined and classified. Your diagram should draw upon relevant core texts. Classify at least four Virgin Atlantic events using the model you have provided. Explain the impact of Virgin Atlantics marketing and events strategy. Answer: Background/ Introduction The Virgin Atlantic (VA) Airways was founded in 1984 by the Richard Branson's Group and has been into operations since then. Virgin has grown to become the second largest carrier in Britain, and it operates in the world's major cities. The Airline enjoys consumer loyalty and recognition globally because of its innovativeness, world-class customer services and on time deliveries (Virgin Atlantic, 2015, p. 2). The management focusses on customer driven services which emphasize on innovation, fun, quality and giving customers services worth their money. From the beginning, Richard Branson's aim was. "To provide the highest quality innovative service at excellent value for money for all classes of air travellers (Virgin Atlantic, 2015, p. 4)." Virgin Atlantic operates thirty routes globally which have been classified into the following market destinations: Ten routes to the United States Six Routes to Asia Four routes to Africa One Route around the Indian Ocean One Middle East route Eight routes to Caribbean destinations. 51% of the Virgin Atlantic's shares is owned by the Virgin Group while 49% is owned by the Singapore Airlines sold by Richard Branson in 1999 at a cost of 600.25 million (Virgin Atlantic, 2015, p. 35). The company is governed by a 19 member official board under the leadership of Craig Kreeger as the Chief Executive Officer and Richard Branson as the Chairman. Through this management, the company's corporate goal is simply to build its foundation by focussing on leisure and business markets and offering effectiveness and efficiency to the customers (Virgin Atlentic, 2015, p. 23). The company's success is shown in its recent reports. As at December 31st, 2015, Virgin Atlantic was valued at 289.4 million compared to 122. 5million during the 1999 fiscal year. Likewise, its turnover and pre-tax profit were 2,781.9m and 22.5m respectively in 2015. The before-tax profit was a 10.1m improvement from the profit posted during the 2014 financial year (Virgin Atlantic, 2015, p. 36). SWOT ANALYSIS This section considers the Virgin Atlantic's Strengthens, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats in 2015. Strengths The company' brand are recognized globally Virgin Atlantic enjoys a strong brand image and a positive perception among its customers. The brand is associated with quality, individuality, fun and the value for money. The company has won numerous awards from its brands and effective advertisement campaigns (Virgin Atlantic, 2015, p. 23). Enjoys an active network in North Atlantic The North Atlantic remains core to the Virgin Atlantic since its foundation. The North Atlantic, which comprises of Caribbean, contributed to two-third of the company's earnings in 2013. Virgin Atlantic is a major competitor between the U.S. and the U.K markets after British Airways (Virgin Atlantic, 2015, p. 57). The graph below shows the airway's performance in its North Atlantic network in 2013. The joint venture between Virgin and Delta has boosted its revenue The joint venture formed in January 2014 between the two airlines came with the ability to coordinate the operations between the two partners. The JV has been used as a competitive pricing strategy bringing a positive impact on the company's revenue (Virgin Atlentic, 2015, p. 43). Weaknesses Poor profitability record Before the 2015 fiscal year, Virgin Atlantic had recorded losses for three consecutive years. During the 2013 financial year, the company recorded a pre-tax loss of 74m as compared to 105m in 2012. Although the company is moving towards the right direction, the previous losses have affected its operations. The company's performance between 2005 and 2013 can be summarized as below: Under-capitalised balance sheet Virgin Atlantic under-capitalised its balance sheet considering its huge debt position which comprised of annual rental leases. The brand "Little Red" has not succeeded in the market forcing the VA to pull out of the domestic UK market. Opportunities The VA's relationship with Delta is likely to improve cost synergies VA should build its capital base from the Joint Venture to drive its cost synergies. The strategy would be beneficial to the two companies over time. A 1 ppt reduction on the operating cost would result in 0.5 ppt gain on the operating margin. Joining and alliance VA is not a member of any global alliances. However, the management has been considering to join a branded alliance to enhance its future growth opportunities. Using its Boeing 787,788, and 789 to assist in reducing its operating costs and invent new route networks. The Boeing deliveries are known for their efficient engine and lighter fuselage which would help in the cutting of costs. Threats Over-concentration on the North, Atlantic network makes VA less diversified in its operations. This leads to overcapacity which has resulted in demand and supply imbalance in other routes. The ongoing investigation by the European Commission on the Delta's non-EU investments is likely to affect VA's operations negatively if confirmed and restrictions applied. Fierce competition from the Gulf airline especially on the Europe-Asia route is likely to lower VA's revenue in future. Marketing Mix and its Role The marketing theory states that a marketer should present the right products at the right time, in the right place and at the right place. A marketing mix comprises of elements such as product, Price, Place and Promotion (Alreck Settle, 1999, p. 49). The 4P's of marketing can be presented diagrammatically as shown below: An effective marketing mix should meet the conditions stated below: The product should have the right features working well and good packaging that meets the customer needs. Customers have become price sensitive. Therefore, the right pricing strategy ought to be used. The products should be well positioned and available when required by the customers. Marketers should ensure that goods arrive in the market at the right time and are positioned correctly to capture the attention of the potential consumers (Desmond Stone, 2007, p. 113). The availability and existence of the products should be communicated to the target market using promotion techniques. Effective promotion helps the company to increase its sales revenue (Hollensen, 2015, p. 88). By using a balanced and effective marketing mix, any organization is in the position of creating a competitive advantage in any market. Marketing mix addresses the needs felt in a particular market segment. The mechanisms are used to ensure that the message contained in the brand had been communicated to the targeted people, in the right way, and at the right time (Ferrell Hartline , 2010, p. 75). Application of Marketing mixes by the Virgin Atlantic First, the VA's marketing team thoroughly checks its products to ensure that they meet the needs and the demands of the customers before they are released in the market. The company knows the importance of making a long-term impression with its customers using TV advertisement campaigns. The VA's brand is easily recognized using the colour red which symbolizes beauty, passion, and firey (Donnelly, 2015, p. 42). The products undergo several tests to ensure that they are fit for the customers. Second, the company has heavily invested in the promotion of its products. The marketing team involves an aggressive campaigning strategies to win more customers. Some of the marketing methods used are TV and online adverts, as well as promotional materials like flyers and banners (Davis, 2010, p. 111). Third, the VA's marketing team has to effectively decide on the prices of its respective products. Pricing is used to attract customers to the company by creating a positive impression about the company. The company uses a lower pricing strategy to gain competitive advantage. Likewise, the products are priced based on specific events, popularity of the destinations, and seasons are occurring in the particular markets (Hawkins, 2001, p. 53). Lastly, the positioning of the products is also important. The company uses easy to use and up to date websites and online sites to interact with its customers. For example, by simply typing "flights from the UK" under the Google search engine, the first advert to appear belongs to the VA (Donnelly, 2015, p. 42). A picture of the VA's marketing team Definition and classification of special events Diagrammatical presentation of definition and classification of special events conducted by companies is as shown below: Type of Special Event Description Business dinners Organized to celebrate milestones as well as bringing the management, employees and customers together Sponsorships and charity functions Sponsorships are used reward employees, increase customer loyalty, and attract new ones as well as raising money for charities. Networking events Aimed at reaching new customers, vendors and business partners Product launches Used to create product awareness among the customers. Customer and Employee appreciation parties Businesses focussing on customer retention host such parties to appreciate them. Board meetings Used to review the companys progress as well as formulating future strategies and goals. Shareholder meetings Such events are held to update the shareholders on the issues facing the company as well as its financial position during the fiscal year (Mullins Walker, 2012, p. 176). Press conferences These events are used to get media coverage of the existing and new products. Trade Shows Trade shows are used to position a company and its brands as a market leader VAs definition and classification of special events Type of Special Event Description Sponsorship VA has engaged in several sponsorship events since 2009. First, the company conducted birthday celebrations to its employees and customers. Second, the company engaged in retro advertisement events to create public awareness and media coverage of its products and services (Kotler, 2001, p. 54). Corporate Social Responsibility In 2014, the company converted its run-down arts centre in Hong-Kong to embrace the local culture. Likewise, in 2008, VA painted schools in Nairobi, Kenya as well as helping 1,500 villagers to access fresh water as part of celebrating its 10-year operation in Nairobi (Donnelly, 2015, p. 43). Small events The company uses press sides and Roadshows to create public awareness. Likewise, stewardesses are sent globally to give out virgin branded diaries to shopping centres and newsrooms. The events aim at keeping Virgin brands memorable and fresh in the minds of the potential customers (Mohr, et al., 2013, p. 43). Attracting stars and celebs With the help of Richard Branson, the company has attracted renowned stars and celebrities used in launching its new products. For example, in 2007 the company contracted the Spice Girls to open its Heathrow terminal (Mullins Walker, 2012, p. 71). Marketing and events strategy Even though Virgin Atlantic is a major competitor in the global airline business, it has come up with the most effective marketing and event management strategies to gain recognition. To create marketing and events strategies, VA took the following initiatives: First, the company classified its customers into adventurous, Mavericks and pioneering. After the classification, the company developed strategies to make the experience of their customers to be ultra-cool and fun. For example, the customers can get nail clean up, food and drinks and massages once on board (Virgin Atlentic, 2015, p. 55). Using the hashtag, "#FITFOO" to replicate its tag name, "Flying in the face of ordinary", VA is effectively positioned in the market. In short, VA through effective marketing and event strategies, the company has become known by the customers irrespective of fierce competition from industry giants like the British airline and the Delta Airlines (Virgin Atlentic, 2015, p. 57) References List Alreck, P. Settle, R., 1999. Strategies for building consumer brand preference. J. Prod. Brand Manage, Volume 8 , pp. 130-144. Baker, M. Hart, S., 2007. Product Strategy and Management. London: Pearson. Chernev, A., 2014. Strategic Marketing Management. 8 ed. Syndey: Amazon. Davis, J. A., 2010. Competitive Success- How Branding Adds Value. Chichester, UK: John Wiley Sons. Desmond, J. Stone, M. A., 2007. Fundamentals of marketing. London, UK: Routledge. Donnelly, R., 2015. Virgin Atlantic: Marketing Excellence. Journal of Marketing. Ferrell, O. C. Hartline , . M. D., 2010. Marketing Strategy. 5th edition ed. Chicago: South-Western. Hawkins, D. I., 2001. Consumer behavior: Building Marketing Strategy.. 8thed ed. Boston: Irwin. Hollensen, S., 2015. Essentials of Global Marketing. 2nd edition ed. Essex, England: Harlow. Kotler, P., 2001. A Framework for Marketing Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall. Mohr, J., Sengupta, S. Slater, S., 2013. Marketing of High-Technology Products and Innovations. New International Edition ed. New Jersey: Pearson. Mullins, . J. Walker, O., 2012. Marketing Management: A Strategic Decision-Making Approach. 8 ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Virgin Atlantic, 2015. Annual Report 2015. London: s.n. Virgin Atlentic, 2015. Event Championing brand experiences, London,UK: Event Magazine.

Healthcare Professionalism in the Age of Social Media Essay Example

Healthcare Professionalism in the Age of Social Media Essay James Nibert HCA 656 Extra Credit Assignment 12-01-10 Healthcare Professionalism in the Age of Social Media Introduction Social media, like the postal letter, telephone and e-mail before it, has revolutionized the ways in which people communicate in the modern world. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube have hundreds of millions of users that have chosen this medium to communicate with the world at large. Blogs, Wikis and podcasts further contribute to the dominant communication tool of the modern world: social media. This new form of communication has been quickly adopted by professionals of all varieties, but it has specific implications for physicians and related healthcare professionals. As the ability of a physician to effectively perform their job, and for the patient to respect the physician’s advice, is dependent on the trust between them, at what point does the physician’s private life in terms of social media begin to affect his or her professional life? It is estimated that 59% of American adults searched for medical advice online in a 12 month period. Included in these searches were many reviews of a physician’s conduct and abilities (McKay, 2010). As this new form of communication becomes increasingly more common, medical professionals will need to take precautions to insulate themselves both legally and ethically, and to retain the trust of their patients that is vital to the effective functioning of their job. Methodology The methodology of this research paper was conducted in the most systematic way possible given the time and resource limitations of the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Professionalism in the Age of Social Media specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Professionalism in the Age of Social Media specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Professionalism in the Age of Social Media specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In should be noted that this particular field of study, while increasingly popular, is still very recent and thus limited in terms of depth and availability of appropriate sources. The search began initially with a search of Google using the phrases, â€Å"professionalism and online healthcare,† â€Å"Health 2. 0 and professionalism,† â€Å"ethics and online healthcare,† and â€Å"healthcare professionalism and social media. † The results of these searches produced several redundancies of the same useful articles. This was followed up with a search of EbscoHost and Academic Search Premiere using the phrases â€Å"healthcare and social media,† and â€Å"professionalism, healthcare and social media. † This resulted in the discovery of three additional articles. Finally, the search was aided by Dr. Alberto Coustasse who directed the search to several previously undiscovered articles. Discussion Maintaining a strict sense of professionalism is vital to many careers, but is essential to the duties of a physician. Doctors that have lost the respect or trust of those they treat can no longer perform their jobs to the best of their abilities. It has been previously demonstrated that social media has the ability to create a rapid reaction to a perceived problem. In 2008 the group Doctors for Obama mobilized thousands of physicians on Facebook to make their opinions and concerns about the new healthcare policy known, with the effect of having a demonstrable influence on the final legislation and an ongoing voice in President Obama’s healthcare agenda (Jain, 2009). A similar effect, though on a smaller scale, could be anticipated from a physician’s faux paus distributed widely through social media. A study conducted in 2008, focusing on the social networking site Facebook (by far the most popular social networking site in the U. S), showed that of medical students and residents of a selected sample group 44. 5% had a Facebook account and two-thirds of them kept their account public with â€Å" †¦ a significant portion having subjectively inappropriate content† (Thompson, et al. 008). Some examples drawn from a 2008 study including public Facebook groups created by medical students with titles such as â€Å"PIMP† (Party of Important Male Physicians), â€Å"Keep your fu***ing hand down and shut the f**k up during lecture† and â€Å"Physicians looking for trophy wives in training† (Thompson et al, 2008) The public profiles selected by this study disclosed physicians home postal address (6. 1% of the time), f ield of study (79. 6%), email address (83. %) and sexual orientation (52. 4%). While the impact of such information was not followed up on, at least to this date, by the study, it is easy to ascertain how such sensitive and personal information could lead to trouble for a physician whose public social networking profile angered a patient. In addition to the possible personal consequences at risk to a physician, unprofessional conduct on social networking sites could also have unintended professional and legal consequences as well. As stated, â€Å"Already the first lawsuits have been filed against physicians whom patients accused of violating the privacy of medical information acts, notes attorney Robert Coffield, a West Virginia- based specialist in health care compliance and regulatory law† (Hawn, 2009). A doctor who, for example, blogged about their trials in dealing with a difficult patient—in a way that would make such a client identifiable—and forgot that either the patient or a family member or friend had been added to their social network would be inviting litigation with possible monetary and professional penalties. In addition, physicians, even with the best of intentions, offering medical advice over social media platforms without a professional agreement are subject to litigation from numerous people. The importance of professionalism and the threat posed to it by the burgeoning social media outlets has been noticed and considered by professional organizations including the American Medical Association. In 2010 the AMA released an official policy on professionalism in the use of social media. It warns that, â€Å"Physicians should weigh a number of considerations when maintaining a presence online† (AMA, 2010). It is stated in line f of the policy that, â€Å"Physicians must recognize the actions online and content posted may negatively affect their reputations among patients and colleagues, may have consequences for their medical careers (particularly for physicians in training and medical students), and can undermine public trust in the medical profession† (AMA, 2010). To this end the AMA outlines a policy that encourages the use of privacy settings to safeguard personal information on social networking sites, be vigilant of observing and maintaining all patient privacy legislation and safeguard at all times the boundaries of the patient/client relationship while online. It further states that it is a physician’s responsibility to make colleagues aware of any objectionable material on their own profiles and to report illegal or unethical behavior to the proper authorities. Conclusion It must be noted that while physicians must certainly be entitled to the same freedoms and liberties that the rest of us enjoy, it is in both their personal and professional interest to maintain boundaries between these two segments in their lives. As an alternative there are social networking sites dedicated to only medical professionals such as Medscape. Like elected officials, law enforcement and school teachers; it is essential to the effective functioning of their duties for physicians to achieve and maintain both the professional distance and trust of those in their charge. Following the previously discussed AMA guidelines is an initial step towards achieving that goal and avoiding many unforeseen and unintended consequences. References McKay, L. (2010). A Prescription for Social Media. Retrieved November, 29 2010 from www. destinationCRM. com Thompson, L. , Dawson, K. , Ferdig, R. , Black, E. , Boyer, J. , Coutts, J. , Black, N. (2008) The Intersection of Online Social Networking with Medical Professionalism. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(7): 954-7. Jain, S. (2009) Practicing Medicine in the Age of Facebook. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(7) 649-651. Hawn, C. (2009) Take Two Aspirin and Tweet Me in the Morning: How Twitter, Facebook, And Other Social Media Are Reshaping Healthcare. Health Affairs, 28(2) 361-368. Chen, P. (2009) Medicine in the Age of Twitter. Retrieved November 29, 2010 from www. nytimes. com/2009/06/11/health/11chen. html American Medical Association. (2010) AMA Policy: Professionalism in the Use of Social Media. Retrieved December 1, 2010 from www. ama-assn. org/ama/pub/meeting/professionalism-social-media. html

Brief Guide to the Architecture of Chicago, Illinois

Brief Guide to the Architecture of Chicago, Illinois Chicago, Illinois is known for its architecture and has long been connected with some of architectures most important names- Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, Mies van der Rohe, and Holabird Root. Follow these links for a virtual tour of must-see architecture in Chicago. Must-See Buildings in and around Chicago: Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower)Auditorium Building, Adler SullivanThe Manhattan BuildingFarnsworth House (near Chicago)The Old Colony Building The Marquette Building Leiter Building (II) (Sears, Roebuck Company Building)The Robie HouseThe Rookery The Arthur Heurtley HouseFrank Lloyd Wright HomeFrank Lloyd Wright StudioFrank Lloyd Wrights First Prairie Style House, the Winslow House, 1893Frank Lloyd Wright Pre-1900 Queen Anne Style HousesFrank W. Thomas HouseNathan G. Moore HouseWilliam Winslow ResidenceJay Pritzker Music Pavillion by Frank GehryAqua Tower by Jeanne Gang, 2010 Famous Chicago Architects: Daniel BurnhamBruce GrahamWilliam HolabirdWilliam Le Baron JenneyLudwig Mies van der RoheLouis Henri SullivanFrank Lloyd WrightJeanne Gang Chicago Before the Internet: Today we think nothing of shopping online. Ever hear of Amazon.com? What Amazon offers is a catalog of things to buy that can be shipped to your home. Before the digital revolution, the catalog of things was printed on paper, mailed to homes, and family members would circle items and turn down page corners for the treasures that they wanted. The Wish List in the Wish Book was the old Shopping Cart. Chicago was at the hub of the American Industrial Revolution- skyscrapers were being built and a great network of rail lines converged in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century. The US Postal Service delivered mail by rail to remote and rural locations. Sears, Roebuck Co., based in Chicago, delivered everything else- including jewery, farm equipment, groceries, and the precut supplies to build entire homes. Browse our reproduced catalog pages from Sears and other mail order companies in Bungalows by Mail, Index to Selected Floor Plans. The competition became fierce, and marketing tactics became familiar to what we know today. Through these pages, we begin to see how modern Chicago became so quickly. Learn More About Architecture in Chicago: What is the Chicago School? Skyscrapers with StyleChicago Architecture FoundationSite includes a virtual walking tour past famous skyscrapers.Chicago Architecture and Design by Jay Pridmore and George A. Larson, Abrams, 2005Chicago Architecture and Design, 1923-1993: Reconfiguration of an American Metropolis, edited by John Zukowsky, Prestel, 2000Chicago Architecture: 1885 to Today by Chicago Architecture Foundation (C.A.F.), 2008Chicago (America the Beautiful), Firefly, 2009AIA Guide to Chicago by Alice Sinkevitch, 2004A View from the River: The Chicago Architecture Foundation River Cruise by Jennifer Marjorie Bosch and Hedrich Blessing, 2008Lost Chicago by David Garrard Lowe, University Of Chicago Press, 2010Cool Chicago by Kathleen Maguire, Pavilion, 2014The Encyclopedia of Chicago edited by James R. Grossman, Ann Durkin Keating, and Janice L. Reiff, University Of Chicago Press, 2004 Plan Your Chicago Architecture Visit: For excellent tours of Chicago architecture, visit the National Register of Historic Places. Youll find maps, photographs, historical information, and travel recommendations. Choose a Historic Chicago Hotel: If youd like to stay in a historic landmark building, youll be interested in the following hotels. Millennium Knickerbocker Hotel. Built in 1927, the centrally-located 14-story hotel is known for its lavish Crystal Ballroom.Deer Path Inn. Located 30 miles north of Chicago in Lake Forest, this stately Tudor is modeled after a 15th-century English Manor House.The Burnham Hotel has taken over the historic Reliance Building, one of Chicagos early skyscrapers, completed in 1895 and fully remodeled in the 1990s Look for Special Offers in Chicago: For special offers and helpful visitor information, explore the goChicago pages here at About.com.

Separation Management in GlaxoSmithkline Case Study

Separation Management in GlaxoSmithkline - Case Study Example It is the only pharmaceutical company researching both medicine and vaccines for the WHO's three priority disease HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis & Malaria. As a company with strong foundations in science developed many drugs and spends heavily on R&D. GSK produces medicines that treat 6 major disease areas-Asthma, Virus control, infection, Mental Health, diabetes and digestive conditions. With the merger of top two British companies Glaxo & Smithkline in 1998, GSK increasing leaning's to the US in style and markets due to large US pharmaceutical markets. This merger and restructuring results in almost, 15,000 jobs loss of global workforce. Almost 300 Sr. Managers has been made redundant. Spencer Stuart, an international recruitment consultancy, was brought into look into areas of potential overlap between business units rather than the universe of managers at the new corporation, and would leave the vital R&D and marketing teams intact. By bringing in a recruitment consultancy to carry out a management audit, to executives once again expected to develop a level playing field so that few key individuals were lured away. This fear was further supported by anecdotal evidence, which suggested that the most valuable executives were likely to jump ship to competitors before the merger process was over. It has been evident that a well-planned separation management has been the part of GSK since its inception. GSK has spread over 116 countries but its policies and management of people/employees has always been based on the value of stringing for a balanced workforce and is committed to the principles of equal opportunity, equality of treatment, and creating a dynamic climate where diversity is valued as a source of enrichment and opportunity. All phases of employment relationship-including recruitment, hiring, training, promotion, compensation, benefits, transfers, separation and leaves of absence- will be carried out by mangers without regard to race, color religion, gender, age, sexual orientation ethnic or national origin, disability or (in US) status as a disabled veteran or veteran of war exist. GSK workplace environment force every employee to treat one another with equal respect and dignity, comply will all relevant employment laws and regulations in the various countries in which it do business and encourage employees to report immediately to m anagement or HR any incidences that are in consistent with their policies so that the GSK could be able to take corrective measures including separation from employment. GSK treat their employees with respect and dignity, encourage diversity and ensure fair treatment through all phases of employment. GSK provide safe and healthy environment, which support employees to perform to their full potential. GSK is committed to conducting its business with honesty and integrity and with ethical behavior and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As we know GSK operations has been spread across 116 countries and each have its own employment laws to follow, GSK has established a corporate ethics and compliance department to look into every aspect of employee business conduct and serious violation of code results in separation from services. GSK employees have the responsibilities to comply with local legal requirements as well as GSK Policies &

U.S. Congress Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Congress - Research Paper Example istics, which would range from data on party affiliation, the average age of the members, occupation, education levels, length of congressional service. Other characteristics include; their religious affiliation, gender, ethnicity, foreign births as well as military service (Brownworth). In the congress as at February 2013, the House of Representatives had a maximum of 232 republicans and 206 democrats plus 5 delegates and the resident commissioner. The senate on the other hand had 45 republicans against 53 democrats. There were also 2 independent who caucus with the democrats. At the beginning of the 113th tenure, the average age of the members of the congress was found to be 57.0 years while that of senators was 62.0 years. A majority of the members of the congress have attained at least a college education. The members dominantly possess professions ranging from public service/politics, business and law. The religion affiliation of most of the members is either Christians or Protestants with the largest single religious denomination being Catholics; 31% of the Members (136 in the House, 27 in the Senate) are Catholic. The length of service averagely of the representatives is averagely worked out to be 9.1 years, which is 4.6 terms; the senators’ term is 10 .2 years, which is 1.7 terms. The one hundred and thirteenth house has a record number of women that stands at one hundred; 18.5% of total membership. 80 of this number are found in the House a number that includes 3 delegates while 20 of these women are found in the senate (Brownworth). In terms of ethnicity, we have 43 African American members of the house while 2 are found in the senate. It is worth noting that this number includes two delegates. The same house has 38 Hispanic serving in the congress of which 34 are in the house including 1 delegate and the resident commissioner while 4 are there in the senate. 13 members of the house in the order of 10 who are the representatives, 2 delegates and 1

Western architecture before 1100 AD Research Paper

Western architecture before 1100 AD - Research Paper Example It is given that there are compelling reasons which inform my choice of the Bent Pyramid. One of the qualities that make the pyramid strikingly unique is the pyramid’s very structure. Unlike other pyramids, the structure of the Bent Pyramid is divided into portions. The lower part of the Bent Pyramid is raised from the surrounding desert or physical landscape at an inclination of 45 degrees. However, the upper part of the Bent Pyramid has a shallower angle. The shallower angle is 43 degrees and thereby lending the pyramid a palpably bent appearance. As if the immediately foregoing is not enough, it is strikingly important that the Bent Pyramid has two entrances. Both of the two entrances lead to chambers with high and corbelled ceilings. One of the entrances has a low down on its northern side. This side has a substantial wooden staircase which had been built for the sake of tourists. Specifically, the northern entrance give way to a chamber that is situated below ground level. Needless to say, presently, the Bent Pyramid is not accessible for tourists. Facing the west side of the pyramid is the second entrance which is located higher above the ground, than the first entrance. The second entrance (the western one) leads to a chamber which is in the body of the very pyramid. According to Broughton (1998, p. 469), the corbelled ceiling which is to the left is also to be visible from the first chamber. This corbelling is to be rougher, to ward off the danger of termites or rot. When one turns around by 180 degrees, he is able to take the first peek into the lower chamber. Again, the corbelled ceiling is to be covered with modern scaffolding. There is to be a ladder, nearly 50 foot long leading up to a connecting passageway which is between the passageways and chambers that are accessible from the western entrance, one the one hand, and the set of chambers, on the other. As if the positive and aesthetic attributes of the Bent Pyramids are not

Importance of International Organizations

Importance of International Organizations International Organizations (IOs) are formal institutional structures transcending national boundaries which are created by multilateral agreement among nation-states. Their purpose is to foster international cooperation in areas such as: security, law, economic, social matters and diplomacy. (Graham Newham , 1998, p. 270). IOs are subdivided between Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs); Intergovernmental Organizations are entities created with sufficient organizational structure and autonomy to provide formal, ongoing, multilateral processes of decision making between states, along with the capacity to execute the collective of their member (states) (Diehl Frederking, 2010, p. 15). NGOs are non-state voluntary organizations formed by individuals to achieve a common purpose, often oriented beyond themselves or to the public good (Karns Mingst , 2010, p. 221). The development and expansion of these large representative bodies date back to the end of the World War II, where there was a need for world reconstruction through International Relations. Since then, there has been an incremental rise of organizations that work on different socio-political and economic aspects with various and specific aims in approaching states, societies, groups and individuals. Based on these key definitions, this essay will thus attempt to explain how important are IOs and the extent to which they have an impact on global politics and international relations through an analysis of two main IR scholar theories namely Realism and Liberalism. Moreover, to understand the impact of IOs, these theories will be explored and analysed through contexts of different and conflicting realist and liberalists thinkers upon their view on these institutional structures. It will also distinguish and compare the two theories and determine which is more relevant to the contemporary world international relations. Finally, the ultimate the goal of this essay is to support the view of liberalism, as the main concluding arguments rest upon the idea that global governance requires a set of different actors across that shape together the process of decision-making in international relations. Realism is an IR theory based a pessimistic view of human nature. Its central feature lies within the relative power of the state and as there is no world government to impose order and stability, states engage in self-help to ensure their basic survival interests notably (security , power capability and survival). Because of the absence of a world government, the world structure is anarchic and anarchy heightens the stakes of interaction so that competing interest have the potential to escalate into military interactions. The state is the national arbiter who judges its foreign policies. As much emphasis is put on the power capabilities of the state in the international system, realists pay little attention in regards to IOs as they play little influence in global governance. States would never cede to international institutions and IOs and similar institutions are of little interest; they merely reflect national interests and power and do not constrain powerful states (Diehl Frede rking, 2010). One example is the United States hegemony and the use of IOs as means for expansion of power, pursue their self-interest and guarantee security. For example, realists would argue that most of the IGOs that serve as a backbone for contemporary international cooperation can be traced to American hegemony in the immediate aftermath of WW2. The United States promoted the creation of the UN as an umbrella organization for treaty-based cooperation in a variety of global concerns and issue areas. It also oversaw the creation of the International Monetary (IMF), the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) with the express goal of encouraging cooperative economic exchange and also as instruments designed for continuing utility of U.S policies (Weiss Wilkinson , 2014, p. 295). Even the Soviet Union used Mutual Economic assistance to organize economic relations within the eastern bloc. Powerful states structure organizations to further their own interes ts but must do so in a way that it induces weaker states to participate (Diehl Frederking, 2010, p. 33). Liberalism is a post-war framework for world politics based on the construction of a global, legal and political system which go beyond the state and afford the protection to all human subjects. (Jackson Sorensen, 2007). The theory is mainly subdivided by two strands; firstly, interdependence liberalism which studies modernization as ways of increasing the level of interdependence of states; and secondly, institutional liberalism which studies international institutions as mechanisms of promoting cooperation between states. The theory mainly bases its assumptions upon positive human progress and modernization in which they together will eventually lead to cooperation. Modernization is the process of involving progress in most areas in life as well as the development of a modern state. This process enlarges the scope of cooperation across international boundaries. Due to modernization, cooperation based on mutual interests will prevail that is because modernization increases the leve l and scope of transnational relations where transactions costs are lower and levels of higher interdependence are high. Under complex interdependence, transnational actors are increasingly important, military force is a less useful instrument and welfare, (not security) is becoming a primary goal and concern of states (Jackson Sorensen, 2007, p. 107). Therefore when there is a high degree of interdependence, states will often set up international institutions to deal with common problems and maximize welfare. These institutions are designed to promote cooperation across international boundaries by providing information and lowering costs. Institutions can be formal organizations such WTO (World Trade Organization) and EU (European Union), or they can be less formal sets of agreements such as the so-called regimes. For liberals, international cooperation and progress are the central features that drive states, IOs and non-state actors. These different institutions are responsible f or managing transnational problems in a peaceful, human and legal way. It is also important to emphasize the structural change in international relations during post-Cold War period that have empowered new types of actors and opened new opportunities for them to act. Such changes also include: globalization and privatization/deregulation. Globalization has undermined the correspondence between social action and he territory enclosed by states border. Ideas about human rights have become platforms for social connections between people across the globe. The Thatcher and Reagan-led privatization and deregulation in the 1980s revolution has compounded this change in relations between states and social power; States transferred public enterprises and state functions to private actors and increasingly encouraged private actors to finance policies such as education, municipal services and even security, which has been part on the pivotal role of many corporation social responsibility (CSR) programmes (Avant , et al., 2010, p. 5). Global change also owes much t o the end of the cold war, where a variety of political, economic and security realms, activists and organizations began to push for change. With the triumph of the United States and the liberal model, privatization and deregulation ideas emboldened many organizations to drop the cold-war style of bipolarity of states and push for liberal capitalist change that embodied presence of a variety of actors (Avant , et al., 2010, p. 6). Indeed great proliferation of non-state actors such as NGOs has happened since the 1980s with more than 4,000 International Non-government Organizations (INGOs) and has increased until current years to nearly 8,000 INGOs and several millions national and indigenous NGOs (Karns Mingst , 2010, p. 230). The role of these NGOs is explained by a varied number of functions and roles they exert. NGOs can seek the best venues to present issues and to apply pressure. They can provide new ideas and draft texts for multilateral treaties; they can monitor human rights and environmental norms; participate in global conferences and raise issues, submit position papers and lobby for viewpoint; and ultimately they can perform functions of governance in absence of state authority (Karns Mingst , 2010, p. 235). Large numbers of NGOs are involved in humanitarian relief, from large international NGOs to small, locally based groups. The Red Cross, Doctors without borders, the International Rescue Committee and Oxfam are among hundreds of international humanitarian relief organizations involved in complex emergencies such as the conflicts in Somalia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Congo and Liberia, the genocides in Rwanda and Darfur and natural disasters such as Hurricane Mitch in Central America (Karns Mingst , 2010, p. 224). Participation by NGOs has also increasingly been involved within UN summit and global conferences. NGOs are increasingly viewed by those in the UN system as partners or stakeholders in multitasker coalitions. This is evident in the Global compact on corporate social responsibility, which aims to bring multinationals and NGOs into partnership with the UN. Likewise, the Millennium Development Goals propose partnerships for development, calling for all actors including NGOs to cooperate in achieving those goals. In 2002, around 3,200 NGOs were represented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg. Also UN specialized agencies work in conjunction with NGOs. Most UN agencies with field programmes and offices, now contract with NGOs to provide services and decision-making in areas of Humanitarian relief and economic development. For example, many services including food, medicine are chased by the UNHCR and WFP and delivered to the local population by C ARE, Doctors without Borders or Oxfam. Whether an NGO is focused on human rights, peace, disarmament, indigenous peoples’ rights, labour rights, climate change, or tropical forests, it is clear that they have become an important actor in world politics as they often to seek to change the policies and behavior of both governments and IGOs. Disagreement between realism and liberalism as well as other IR theories is not over the existence of institutions or the fact that they are found where cooperation is high but rather on the claim that whether they are more than statecraft instruments and have an independent impact (Weiss Wilkinson , 2014, p. 7). As realists would conceive it, IOs offer little change to the perpetual power struggle as they cannot change the human nature desire for power nor can they change the nature of the anarchical system. On the other hand, liberalists cannot imagine a contemporary world where governments act solo. Cooperation has made states very interdependent and has also opened new paths for new actors that are willing to work more efficiently together. IR is not only a study of relations between international governments. Overlapping interdependent relations between people and voluntary organizations are bound to be more cooperative than relations between states because states are exclusive and their interests do not overlap and cross-cut (Jackson Sorensen, 2007, p. 102). Liberals also emphasize that states interest have changed throughout history. Whereas before it was a matter of security and power, today more primacy has been given towards economic development and trade. Throughout history states have sought power by means of military force and territorial expansion. But for highly industrialized countries economic development and foreign trade are more adequate and less costly means of achieving prominence and prosperity; that is because the costs of using force have increased and the benefits have declined. (Jackson Sorensen, 2007, p. 102). Realists though maintain that the state is the ultimate authority, they are the ones to sign interstate treaties, create international law, and promulgate wide-ranging rules to initiate, regulate, and govern activity desired. States are by no means alone in this endeavor. They explanation on powerful states using IGOs as means to achieve their ends can be implemented on UN permanent members of the security council which is formed by the most powerful states, that have larger power than other UN member states. Also, there has been many situations where IGOs have failed to constrain powerful states from acting in a certain way, for example, during the cold war, the security council was much ineffective in solving large differences between the U.S and the Soviet Union, more recently Russia’s occupation of Crimea in which no IGO (including the UN) prevented such act from happening. In regards to NGOs, realists explain that they hardly appear as viable international actors. They po se no threat to state sovereignty. While state and non-sate actors may have differentiated responsibilities, ultimately authority rests with the state and that is the essence of sovereignty. The role of states remains central to global governance, no matter how much political authority is decentralized and power diffused to the burgeoning non-state actors (Karns Mingst , 2010, p. 253). Liberals on the other hand acknowledge that powerful states will not easily be completely constrained. However, institutional liberals do not agree with the realist view that international institutions are a mere scrape of paper, that they are completely mercy of powerful states. International institutions are more than mere handmaidens of strong states (Diehl Frederking, 2010, p. 32). Liberals argue that there is credibility and functionality within IOs in influencing international relations and that they attempt to critic realists idea of IOs as mere instruments led by powerful states but rather they are led universally by different member states and other actors. For example, when the United States decided to reverse the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, it did not act unilaterally as it turned to the United Nations Security Council. Similarly, when the International Community sought to maintain the suspension of combat in Bosnia, it did not rely on national efforts, it sent in peacekeep ing units under the aegis of the UN and NATO (Diehl Frederking, 2010, p. 27). In regards to non-state actors, such as NGOs, liberals argue that in few cases NGOs can take the place of states, either performing services that an inept or corrupt government is not doing, or stepping in for a failed state. For example, Bangladesh hosts the largest NGO sector in the world (more than 20,000) responding to what Bangladeshi describe as ‘the failure of government to provide public goods and look after the poor, and the failure of the private sector to provide enough employment opportunities (draws on Waldman 2003) NGOs have taken on roles in education, health, agriculture, and microcredit, all of which originally were government functions (Waldman, 2003 cited in Karns Mingst, 2010, p. 224). Liberals argue that realism fails to read contemporary international order correctly. A priori privileges the states, misses the importance of non-state actors, fails to recognize the social const ruction of IR because of its rationalist assumptions and its fatalistic tendencies counsel conservative foreign policies that reinforce power politics and hence its own explanations for world affairs (Weiss Wilkinson , 2014, p. 102). To conclude, it is imperative that one acknowledges Global governance in assessing who exercises power in decision-making. Based on the arguments on this essay, one would mostly agree that no government/state can govern/act alone. The growing authority of a wide variety of agents/actors can also add potential partners to states and distributing different tasks to different actors. By working collectively, one can certainly argue that multilateralism often requires a network of cooperation that leads to interdependence between different actors whether they are states, IOs or non-state actors, thus after all ‘It is impossible to imagine a contemporary international life without formal organizations.’ (Schermers and Blokker, 1995 cited in Diehl Frederking, 2010, p. 28). Bibliography Avant , D., Finnemore , M. Sell , S. eds., 2010. Who governs the Globe? . In: Who governs the Globe? . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-31. Diehl, P. Frederking, B., 2010. The Politics of Global Governance: international Organizations in an Independent World. 4th ed. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Graham , E. Newham , J., 1998. Dictionary of International Relations. 1st ed. London: Penguin Books. Jackson , R. Sorensen, G., 2007. Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press . Karns, M. Mingst , K., 2010. International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. 2nd ed. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Weiss , T. Wilkinson , R., 2014. International Organization and Global Governance. 2014 ed. Oxford : Routledge.

Ablutophobia: The Fear of Washing and Bathing :: essays research papers fc

Ablutophobia The Fear of Washing or Bathing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ablutophobia, defined as the fear of washing, bathing and cleaning is an intense fear that poses no or little danger. Just thinking about bathing could cause a number of symptoms such as: breathlessness, dizziness, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, feeling sick, shaking, heart palpitations, inability to speak or think clearly, a fear of dying, becoming mad or losing control, a sensation of detachment from reality or even an anxiety attack. Most people who are suffering from the phobia are surprised when they find out that they aren’t alone. Ablutophobia is surprisingly common. It is caused by the mind as a protective mechanism. From some point in the past there was a traumatic event linking with washing, bathing or cleaning. It could have also been formed from a realistic scare or even from movies, TV or seeing someone else experience trauma. Some people who suffer experience it all the time and some others experience it in just direct situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only does it effect your health and quality of life but, Ablutophobia can have a severe effect on anyone that works or is in school; living with the fear can make it hard to concentrate on something and fully give your best. Ablutophobia can cause a loss of tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars over the course of your lifetime due to lost opportunities, poor performance or grades, or promotions that pass you by.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two different treatments for Ablutophobia; the ever popular temporarily suppress the phobia with potent, prescribed medicine, and therapy, self-help treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The medicinal treatment of Ablutophobia is only a temporary treatment to cover up the fear or make the person think that they are being medicated to not be scared anymore. The therapy treatment is more common and there are a few different therapeutic treatments. One is working with a practitioner to train the unconscious mind to connect different, positive feelings with the situation that triggers the phobia. After this you can stop the root of the fear of cleaning, bathing and washing. Another way is through a one day or sometimes, but rarely, a 1-6 day treatment program. Since I could not find a case study of a patient I added a psychologist specializing in phobias discovery that is quoted from one of my sources.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A few years ago a scientist specializing in phobias like Ablutophobia made an amazing discovery.

Five Factor Model Personality Inventory

1. Use the Five Factor Model Personality Inventory to rate yourself on the Big Five personality dimensions. Describe each factor of your Big Five Personality Inventory. Which factor shows the greatest value in predicting your behavior? Why does it? Select one of your friends. Identify the qualities that make that person substantially different from you. In what ways are you basically similar? Which dominates, the differences or similarities? You must attach the Five Factor Model Personality Inventory together with your answers. Answer: The Big Five Personality is broad categories of personality traits.While there is a significant body of literature supporting this five-factor model of personality, researchers don't always agree on the exact labels for each dimension. The Big Five Personality Inventory includes agreeableness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Emotion stability and Openness to experience. Agreeableness means that the person is a good natured, co-operative, softhearted a nd trusting. Agreeableness also has an interpersonal component. Agreeable individuals tend toward conformity in groups, toward modesty, toward not being demanding, and toward being sympathetic.These individuals might be motivated toward helping others and toward prosocial behaviour in general. There may be a link between the motivational processes operating within individuals in regards to this trait, such that agreeable individuals strive for intiacy and solidarity in groups they belong to, which provides emotional rewards. People scoring low on agreeableness place self-interest above getting along with others. They are usually more cautious about other's agendas; they may feel that others are out to better their own self-interest.Extraversion is â€Å"the act, state, or habit of being predominantly concerned with and obtaining gratification from what is outside the self†. Extraverts tend to enjoy human interactions and to be enthusiastic, talkative, assertive, and gregariou s. They take pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings, such as parties, community activities, public demonstrations, and business or political groups. Politics, teaching, sales, managing, brokering, and acting are fields that favor extraversion.An extraverted person is likely to enjoy time spent with people and find less reward in time spent alone. They tend to be energized when around other people, and they are more prone to boredom when they are by themselves. Conscientiousness means that someone who are dependable, responsible, achievement oriented and persistent. Conscientiousness is related to impulse control, but it should not be confused with the problems of impulse control found in neuroticism. People high on neurotic impulsiveness find it difficult to resist temptation or delay gratification.Individuals who are low on conscientious self-discipline are unable to motivate themselves to perform a task that they would like to accomplish. These are conceptuall y similar but empirically distinct. People who score high on the trait of conscientiousness tend to be more organized and less cluttered in their homes and offices. For example, their books tend to be neatly shelved in alphabetical order, or categorized by topic, rather than scattered around the room. A considerable amount of research indicates that conscientiousness is one of the best predictors of performance in the workplace.Emotion stability is a state of an individual that enables him or her to have appropriate feelings about common experiences and act in a rational manner. The characteristics of a person with emotional stability include relaxed, secure, unworried, confident, easy going and steady. People with this personality will not easily get disturbed , will not get stressed out easily whenever he/she are facing problem and would not worry about things. He/she will have a positive thinking and try to solve the problem with the easy way.On the other hand, those who score lo w in emotional stability means that he/she is emotional instability or sometimes call neuroticism. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish the ability of a person scoring high on neuroticism to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with stress. Openness to experience is used to describe human personality.Openness involves active imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to inner feelings, preference for variety, and intellectual curiosity. A great deal of psychometric research has demonstrated that these qualities are statistically correlated. Thus, openness can be viewed as a global personality trait consisting of a set of specific traits, habits, and tendencies that cluster together. Openness is associate d with tolerance of ambiguity (which means when something is not clear), a capacity to absorb information, being very focused and the ability to be aware of more feelings, thoughts and impulses simultaneously.The result is deeper more intense experiences. Open individuals are motivated to seek out the unfamiliar and to look for complexity. After rating myself by using the Five Factor Model Personality Inventory, the score that I get from all the five factor are extraversion=28, agreeableness=33, conscientiousness=26, emotional stability=27 and openness to experience=30. From the score that I get, agreeableness is the best factor to predict my behavior. Agreeableness, like what I mention above, is a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic toward others.Yes, I am not deny that I am a person like that. I am a compassionate person. I am cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic toward others. I choose to believe what my friend told me. I will never suspect about them. I also choose to be kind to my friend. I will try my best to help them as I can whenever they need me. I am also a softhearted person. Usually, I will forgive those who hurt me after they said sorry to me or maybe they not, but, I will also forgive them after sometime just like nothing happen before. Yet, I am also a person who conformity in group and toward modesty.No wonder what activity I joined, I am just the follower but not the incharge person. My friend, Lau Chen Ee also get his highest score in the agreeableness factor and lowest score in openness to experience factor. We know each other since Form 6, that mean we already be friend for about 4 years. In this 4 years time, I get to know him well. He is a friendly person. He is good to all his friend very well. He not the person that who have a finger in every pie. But, he will show his concern to you when he notice that you are having some problem.Besides that, he is also an optimistic per son. I still can remember that, I can always hear his laughing voice all around the school. He seem like does not have anything to fuss over. Exam problem- no, homework problem-no, relationship problem-no! All the qualities that I mention above about him are the quality that I am lack of. I am a person who like to have finger in every pie. I am not an attentive person. I am always think negatively and worried about this worried about that. That is what he are substantially different from me.But, we still have similarity. I will show concern to my friend when they are facing some problem like he does. I am friendly to all my friend like he does. I will take time out to others like he does. I am sympathize to others like he does. Moreover, I like to sing like he does. After doing this Five Factor Model Personality Inventory rating, I get to know all the five personality well and this will help me a lot in how to communicate and to get along with others. This inventory also let me to k now myself more deeply and so my friend.

Seatcor Manufacturing Company

Seatcor Manufacturing Company Introduction Conflicts are unavoidable at the family level, as well as, within organizations that people depend up on to satisfy their needs and wants. Even though people who constitute an organization are bound together by common and shared goals, conflicts are inevitable in the course of working towards the realization of those goals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Seatcor Manufacturing Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most cases, conflicts within an organization stem from disagreement between and among employees, as well as, with other stakeholders like customers, suppliers, authorities, shareholders, and competitors. Moreover, differences might stem from differences in personality, emotional stability/intelligence, and cultural intelligence (Robbins Judge 2009, p.165). Contrary to the popular thinking, conflicts are not entirely disruptive or destructive to an organization’s performance, prod uctivity, and focus. When handled properly and professionally with an open mind that is not unnecessarily clouded by emotions of the parties involved, conflicts can be the origin of positive change in an organization that leads to another level of better organizational performance and productivity (Alper, Tjosvold, Law 2000, p. 627). Thus, depending on how conflicts are dealt with, they can inspire positive progress within an organization. In short, from a given perspective conflicts are significant and a central feature of a functional organization. This paper is a case study report on conflict in Seatcor Manufacturing Company. Classification of the conflict A conflict is a difference involving at least two individuals or groups who interact with each in a given way and who see some incongruity between themselves (Rahim 1992, p.120). In other words, it is a situation whereby, in the process of interaction, one party feels that its interests are being contested or adversely affecte d by another partner party (Wall Callister 1995, p.517). From a systems approach to conflict management in an organization, one main form of conflict is visible in the Seatcor Manufacturing Company within the largest desk assembly plant (Jackson 2000, p.358). It encompasses an intra-organizational conflict that is mainly inter-group and to some extent inter-personal. An inter-personal conflict refers to an individual to individual conflict. It is the most common form of conflict in various organizations. On the other hand, an intra-organizational conflict occurs among the various formal, as well as, informal groups in an organization (Nicotera 1995, p.46).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, there is an inter-personal conflict between Joe, the vice president and general manager of the desk assembly plant and Amanda Stewart, assistant vice president and Joe’s second in command. Amanda is aggrieved because Joe did not involve her in the drafting of a five-year plan for their plant. Conventionally, being the second in command to Joe, she should have been the pioneer champion of the plan. Instead, Joe chose two junior managers, working under her, to complete and popularize the plan. Furthermore, Joe does not support her in dealing with disobedient junior managers. Mainly, there is an intra-organizational conflict between two groups, that is, Joe and his loyalist smokers on one hand and Amanda and the non-smokers, on the other hand. Players in this conflict Players in this conflict include Joe the vice president and general manager of the plant, his loyalists Mitchell and Ken, Amanda assistant vice president and Joe’s second in command, smokers and non-smokers. Joe’s role in the conflict includes causing disharmony and indiscipline among members of his department. For example, while it is expected that he should wo rk closely with his assistant Amanda in dealing with disobedience from junior managers, he does not. In fact, his loyalists Mitchell and Ken defy job-related instructions from Amanda with impunity because Joe would protect them from being disciplined. While Amanda would obviously want pleas from non-smoking members heeded in keeping with public health requirements and safe working conditions, Joe does not care about non-smokers’ health and possible turn over. He also does not respect the chain of command within the plant; thus, he chooses junior managers at the expense of his assistant to spearhead drafting of the plant’s five year plan. Amanda plays the role of an aggrieved party and a justified whistleblower due to the turn of events within the plant since her appointment to the post of assistant vice president, and an apparent heir of Joe’s position. Her perspective is that of a genuinely concerned employee who would like to be part of an organization, and gi ve back for what s/he takes home at the end of the day. Mitchell and Ken, together with others especially smokers, play the role of loyalists to Joe who in their perspective is always right and final. Non-smokers are neutral parties who would like to work in an organization where their safety is fully guarded, and where rules and regulations are the foundation of operations and not individual or group whims.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Seatcor Manufacturing Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Major issues in this conflict Intra-organizational conflict includes role based, line-staff, horizontal and vertical conflicts or issues (Kondalkar 2003, p.343). Major issues in this conflict include differences occurring at various levels of managerial hierarchy in the plant. There is a conflict between the newly recruited assistant vice president Amanda and junior managers and other subordinates (Kondalkar 2003, p.3 43). For example, Mitchell and Ken openly defy job-related instructions from Amanda. In addition, there are issues between Joe who is the vice president and general manager the plant and his assistant and second in command to him Amanda. For instance, Joe appoints junior managers to spearhead the drafting and championing of a five-year-plan and overlooks her. He also does not support Amanda in dealing accordingly with cases of indiscipline from junior managers. This aspect of an intra-organizational conflict is referred to as a vertical conflict (Kondalkar 2003, p.344). It is caused by differences in insight, personal value system, goals that an individual employee has been assigned, cognition and variation in personal behaviour (Kondalkar 2003, p.344). Sometimes it is caused by ineffective communication between employees at two different levels of hierarchy (Kondalkar 2003, p.344). There are certainly issues between Amanda who is an extremely determined, bright, and well-trained bu siness graduate and junior managers in terms of perception, goals assigned to each, cognition and personal behaviour. There are also considerable differences between Joe and Amanda from the above mentioned perspectives. For example, while Amanda appears to know the importance of honouring the managerial chain of command in relation to maintenance of organizational harmony in shunning conflict of interests, Joe and his sycophants do not understand its importance. Joe ignores his assistant in chief departmental matters and instead involves junior managers who are probably far much lesser qualified than Amanda. This automatically results to role issues raised by Amanda to the CEO. Behaviour wise, Amanda is a law abiding person who would like to see others respect set organizational rules and regulations while Joe and his lieutenants lack in respect for law. There are also issues between non-smoking employees and smoking workers. On one hand, non-smokers are concerned about their health , which is endangered by secondary smoke and would like the organization to enforce a non-smoking policy at the work place or else they will leave. On the other hand, smokers with the support of Joe break the policy with impunity especially his lead loyalists Mitchell and Ken who continue smoking at the work place irrespective complains from others.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This phenomenon has led to what is referred to as horizontal conflict within the assembly plant because of incompatibility of personal value system and individual interests (Kondalkar 2003, p.343). This has led to misunderstanding, frustration, and tension on the two sides and the non-smokers have already warned that they are on exit if the non-smoking policy is not implemented with immediate effect (Kondalkar 2003, p.343). There are also similar issues between Joe and Amanda his assistant based on differences in goals, variation in time orientation and differences in expertise and skills (Kondalkar 2003, p.344). Joe ignores outright the value that Amanda can bring on board in the drafting of the five-year plan, as well as, her efforts in instilling discipline among junior managers. This has in turn led to role issues because of variation in expectations in duties assigned to each employee in accordance to his or her rank. Traditionally for instance, Joe should be supportive of Aman da’s efforts in whatever she does provided it is within her powers yet this is not the case. In fact, Joe is keen to frustrate any effort by Amanda. This has led to tension and frustration between the two parties. Other clear outstanding issues in this conflict include power imbalance and gender conflict (Kondalkar 2003, p.344). Joe is all-powerful and does not recognize the authority of Amanda his senior assistant even in serious departmental issues. Consequently, junior managers and subordinates have emulated him. They neither recognize nor respect Amanda’s authority. This has distressed Amanda and is negatively affecting her performance. There are also gender issues as indicate by the rumours that Joe has vowed to ensure that a male counterpart takes up his position after retiring. This partly explains his decision to leave out Amanda in the main assembly plant issues and determination to frustrate her efforts. Most appropriate Strategies for effective management of this conflict Effective management of this conflict should encompass implementing strategies that limit its adverse aspects and promote its positive aspects at the level where it is occurring, and higher than that. The aim of conflict management is to facilitate learning and performance or effectiveness of the parties and groups involved in a conflict within an organization (Rahim 2002, p. 208; Alper, Tjosvold, Law 2000, p. 627; Bodtker Jameson 2001, p.260). Conflict management does not entail avoiding or eliminating conflicts because, as pointed out earlier, conflict can be valuable to organizations and groups when handled properly. The most appropriate Strategy for effective management of this conflict is Collaboration because there is a clear drifting apart of employees at various levels in the assembly plant (Omika 2007, p.87). Collaborating conflict management style is characterized by evident mutual and assertive behaviour (Omika 2007, p.87). It is an effective and practica l conflict management strategy that is earmarked by deliberate attempts towards coming up with solutions that meet the needs of all parties involved. This approach involves the use integration and problem-solving methods. Collaboration is appropriate because it has numerous advantages, which will ensure that all parties to the conflict come out fairly and satisfied. First, using this strategy will enable parties to work together so that everyone can win (Omika 2007, p.88). Importantly, selecting the style guarantees that individuals endeavour to identify an elucidation that will assists all parties apprehend their interests and help everyone maintain a healthy relationship (Omika 2007, p.88). Its ability to enable parties maintain healthy, long-term, and beneficial relationships make up its core strength, which makes it suitable for various conflicting situations involving groups within the assembly plant. Collaboration will be effective in managing this conflict because it will ena ble parties to treat conflict as natural, and see its potential in helping and leading to a more creative solution if handled properly. It will ensure satisfaction for all thus increasing chances of loyalty and commitment to the solutions arrived at, as well as, its implementation (Omika 2007, p.88). How to implement chosen conflict management strategies Collaboration management strategy should be put in to practice by all the parties involved in this conflict. Parties should be loyal to all the solutions arrived at. In fact, its implementation calls for team work in order to facilitate flourishing of the desired long-term beneficial relationships among all employees in the assembly plant. In short, every party should be an active implementer of the solutions arrived at in accordance to individual abilities and without minding ones rank. For purposes of successful implementation, parties should ignore prestige and status of their ranks so that they may operate from a similar level. This will enhance integration in the long run. Conclusion Conflicts are part and parcel of daily activities within individuals, romantic relationships, at the family level and places of work, as well as, the general wider society. Conflict is usually valuable to individuals, organizations and groups when managed properly. They can be an impetus of improved individual and group performance and productivity within an organization and personal life. Therefore, the chosen conflict management strategy in this conflict should encompass implementing strategies that minimize its adverse aspects and promote its positive aspects at the level where it is taking place and higher. Collaboration is an effective approach to this conflict because it enables individuals using it to treat conflict as natural, and see its potential in helping and leading to a more creative solution if handled properly. It ensures satisfaction for all thus increasing chances of loyalty and commitment to the solutions a rrived at. References Alper, S., Tjosvold, D., Law, K. S., 2000 Conflict management, efficacy, and Performance in organizational teams. Personnel Psychology, 53, pp. 625-642. Bodtker, A. M., Jameson, J. K., 2001. Emotion in conflict formation and its Transformation: Application to organizational conflict management. The  International Journal of Conflict Management, 3, pp. 259-275. Jackson, M. C., 2000. Systems approaches to management. New York, NY: Springer. Kondalkar, M., 2003. Organization Effectiveness and Change Management. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Nicotera, A. M., 1995. Conflict and organizations: communicative processes. New York, NY: SUNY Press. Omika, R., 2007. Corporate Conflict Management: Concepts and Skills. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Rahim, M. A., 1992. Managing conflict in organizations. Westport, CT: Praeger. Rahim, M. A., 2002. Towards a theory of managing organizational conflict. The  International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(6), pp. 2 06-235. Robbins, P., Judge, A., 2009. Organizational Behaviour. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. Wall, J. A., Callister, R., 1995. Conflict and its management. Journal of Management, 21(8), pp. 515-558.

There Will Come Soft Rains essays

There Will Come Soft Rains essays There Will Come Soft Rains is about a house. The house is fully automated. Everything from the garage door to cleaning mice is automated. As the day goes on, the house recognizes to time and starts tasks at certain times. The house can recognize the dog's bark and let it come inside. It also has a weather box, which determines the outside weather and plays a song or poem. The house may be automatic but there are no people around to live in it. The house asks for input but after a long period of silence the house picks out of a random list. Even though there is no one living in the house, the house still cooks all the meals, which are thrown away and the plates washed. The story takes place in Allendale, California in 2026. The house is the only one left. All of the others were destroyed in the nuclear explosion. This also killed all the people. Some people's shadows were burned into the side of the house. So even though the people are gone, the house still carries on. The setting is the most important aspect of the story. Since there are no people, the house is the main character. The theme of this story is that even thought nature is still there, and the technology is still there, there are no people. The technology survived even thought the people had all died off. Neither nature nor technology is affected by the lack of humans. The dog had remained living but finally died in the house, the mice cleaned up the body and moved on. Technology is developed by humans who posses emotions. These emotions are what separate humans from other animals. These emotions can't be removed from the technology that the humans build and develop. Ray Bradbury tries to convey the idea that technology is not the answer and that the emotions in them can't be destroyed. At the end of the story, where the house is destroyed by fire caused by a fallen tree, the house is demolished and there is total destruction of the technology. The only part o...

EU Policy and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU Policy and Business - Essay Example According to political analysts the accession of the Turkey with the European Union is expected to provide both with 'considerable opportunities and challenges' (Flam, 2003), beside serious challenges. The accession of the Turkey into European Union will clear certain reservations and misconceptions which alleged that European Union is a Christian Club, the accession will further reflect the fact that European Union is visionary of 'inclusive and tolerant society', and will exemplify that European Union is diversified association, which is 'bound together by common values of liberty, democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights' (Oguz, 2003). It is believed that the accession will validate the European Union's firm commitment and support towards the development of a multiethnic, multicultural and multi-faith Europe, and is likely to defy the concept of 'clash of civilizations', and will nullify the social concerns towards the outspread of terrorism, through amalgamation wi th Muslim society. The critics have regarded the accession as an opportunity for the European Union to support Turkey i.e. ... The European Union is expected to secure 'respect and credibility' (Oguz, 2003), and will be able to nurture its soft image by supporting the accession of Turkey, some critics have requested the expedition of the admission process so as to discourage the rising popularity and emergence of the hard-line Islamists forces. Turkey's accession to the European Union will offer revised approach towards Islam which is compatible to the democratic values. It is believed that the accession of the Turkey with the European Union will develop an understanding that contributes towards the resolution of the concerns associated with the integration of religious beliefs and traditions with the universal principles of the modern societies. The role of the European Union is expected to get further strong and influential, and its emergence as the foreign policy actor, will impact the world politics considerably after the accession of the Turkey. The newly adopted security strategies by the European Unio n i.e. A Secure Europe in a Better World and the Wider Europe: Neighborhood under the proposal forwarded by the European Commission and the European Parliament has encouraged the European Union to give due consideration and significance to the Southern periphery for strengthening European security. It has been reported that the geo-strategic position of Turkey will broaden the scope of activities and influence in regions of vital interests to the international community i.e. the Middle East, the Mediterranean, Central Asia and South Caucasus. Turkey has forged good understanding with the Israel, Arab countries and the United States, Turkey is quoted as the credible and major negotiator who has contributed immensely for bridging the differences between the Israel and Palestinians. It is

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case Study Example What decisions does the firm face with continued growth? The company has to decide on how to expand the business but not to operate in their sub sites. The challenge in proceeding with this decision is the fact that finding new sand gravel sites in the new areas is hard because they are Scarce. The Company’s director Frank Wardlaw has found two sites at Celadon owned by the local council. However, they are leasing only one site hence the company has to decide which site to take. The first site, Bardon Farm, has sand and it is promising because of the development of Washington new town and also because in South Shields, the number of housing is increasing and therefore the market for sand is high. Cleadon Hill produces gravel and the positive side of this site is that it has a ready market where Tyneside Company can secure a four year contract with motorway contractors. The firm therefore has to decide which site to take. What are the risks associated with expansion in particul ar the operational risks John Hepple might, however, been justified by being against the expansion because of the operational risks that come with it. The one major risk is that the company might end up in debt thereby losing its property due to borrowing so as to finance the expansion. John Hepple, being the main shareholder, is against having new shareholders and hence that option of getting finances is out. The other operational risk is that the company has a lot of competitors whom it should keep in touch with to avoid being left behind. This will not be easy as the firm will be concentrating with expansion. Expansion also comes with a lot of work and everyone is working towards proving that they made the right decision (Sease & John, 1994). This may lead to the employees having a lot of pressure and their morale may be compromised. They may feel overworked and the firm may not be able to motivate them in the short run because all their finances will have been exhausted in the e xpansion. The firm also faces the risk of making losses if they are not able to attract new customers. The company however can deal with the risks by ensuring that the money they borrow will be paid within a certain period and still leave them profits. The board of directors has selected a committee that will establish the feasible project so as to expand it. The committee which consists of employees gives them an opportunity to choose what they feel they are capable of achieving and therefore doing away with the risk of losing employees due to pressure. The firm should do enough research to know what their new customers expect. This way they will have new customers and also be ahead of their competitors. Analyze the cash flow presentation. Identify any potential problems with the identification of the cash inflows and outflows The company has come up with a cash flow that shows how money will move in and out enabling them to know the rate of return of the project. The cash flow sho ws movement of cash operations that is the sales; there are also the cash flows from financing. The difference between the cash inflows and outflows gives the net cash flow. The Tyneside firm may have potential problems in identification of cash inflows and cash outflows. This problem arises when purchasing items with cash which is an inflow unlike when purchasing i Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3 Case Study Example Some former Hooters waitresses have filed a class action lawsuit, alleging that the ambience that is deliberately created in â€Å"Hooters† restaurants exposes them to sexual harassment. The issue here is to decide what would be the right things for Hooters to do, and why? â€Å"Hooters† positions itself as a restaurant for the sporty and fun loving types and deliberately employs attractive waitresses to create an even livelier ambience. But this chain never serves hard liquor and behaves as a responsible corporate citizen by donating liberally to local and national charities and national and international sports events. It even donates substantially to Holy Family Lutheran Church. But it also hires and invites gorgeous women like Playboy Playmates if it feels that might increase its turnover. One must first ascertain what moral rights the aggrieved parties to a dispute have and then decide on a course of action that best honours those rights. Human beings have a fundamental moral right to choose what they would like to do with their lives and they cannot be manipulated to suit objectives of other persons. Further, every human being has a right to the truth and must have free access to information that might substantially affect the choices that have been done. In addition, every human being has a right to what has been agreed upon as a contract and also not to be harmed or injured. The other touchstone of judging whether or not an action is ethical or moral is to evaluate the extent to which such action fosters common good of the society. By common good it is meant certain social policies, systems, institutions and environments that are equally to everyone’s advantage. The other equally important criteria that any advice must fulfil in order to be considered as an ethically and morally sound advice is whether such an advice encourages action that would strengthen and spread moral virtues in a society. A judge