Discussion on Guibert of Nogent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Conversation on Guibert of Nogent - Essay Example ...in any case, when reason returns, I atone that I have respected the desire of my heart when my spirit with reluctant greatness sinks on a dunghill for its bed (Bland, 1). There is a profound situated want to know the desire of God and to know him, rather the individual should purge himself and come to know his Creator. Perusing the priest's diaries, he sees that the way of life around him is lowered in riches and sin. And all that learning is of no utilization it the individual doesn't hold nothing back from the Lord Jesus Christ. ...Unless Christ will open to him the entryways of learning with the key of information, without question each educator will spend himself futile on dull ears. In this manner, let each savvy man be absurd to guarantee anything as his own however sin (Bland 2). Everything is related with the sacred dining experiences and the days they fall on as an image of some heavenly importance of why things happened. Presently the dining experience of the Blessed Martin was close nearby, in certainty the following day (Bland 14). An individual endures a destiny or hardship since divine intercession has chosen to rebuff the person for their off-base doings-the man who attempts to satisfy a deceptive adversary in dread of being chomped, by the only judgment of paradise gets injured by him and every other person (Bland 14). Heaven's choice in the issue is viewed as reasonable and just. The quality of Christianity is doused to the edge with blame and discipline, equity and revenge in spite of the fact that there are various occasions in Guibert's works where he makes reference to the kindnesses of the Lord and his mom's assistance in our day by day lives. The common component of Christianity in Guibert's time as Guibert saw them was either an individual knew the Christian confidence and lived by its standards or they didn't and subsequently dedicated offensive acts by their very nature of being oblivious in issues of what comprises as blessed and requiring respect. What's more, since such words may not be expressed by a Christian's lips, and must reason devout ears to shiver with loathing, we smother them. In spite of the fact that he adulated the Jews , by the Jews he was viewed as a crazy person and while supporting their religion in word, he really rehearsed our own (Bland 16). Even obscenity was considered as terrible to ears that were delicate to them and thought about such discourse as not trademark with the Christian confidence and in opposition to the Christian life. What's more, when man couldn't do a lot to mediate or prevent the specific individual from continuing with their profanations, we see through Guibert that paradis e itself deals with the issue :When the Virgin Mother, Queen of all, could no longer persevere through the lewdnesses of this degenerate man, as he was entering from a regal undertaking, on moving toward the city, there seemed an incredible band of his companions the fallen angels and he getting back home with his hair scattered and out of his brains, rebuffed his better half and lay with that elderly person and that night became sick of a human malady (Bland 17). Moreover, there resonates during the 1100s the reverberation of what excellence is to the individual, the abbot requests that we be progressively worried about the magnificence of the spirit than the presence of the body. Insipid delineates how Guibert of Nogent requests that God mix magnificence with

Sop Biomedical Engineering Free Essays

The miracles that science and innovation have unfurled before us are not restricted to existence . My point in life is to collect this different information from everywhere throughout the world. With this loved objective in my brain, I wish to state in the accompanying passages, my perspectives and the reasonable behind my application to the alumni contemplates program in Bio-Medical Instrumentation at **** college. We will compose a custom article test on Sop Biomedical Engineering or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now All through my ten years of school life and two years of secondary school study, I have kept up a predictable and great scholarly record and was consistently among the main five of my group. Coming to extra-curricular exercises, I was the head sports skipper for young ladies and furthermore took an interest in the state level U. N. Festivities. Trying for the best college class that all great science understudies do and furthermore impacted bythe truth that I originate from a group of architects and researchers I showed up for the EAMCET ( Engineering and Medical Common Entrance Test)and picked Instrumentation and Control Engineering at ***** College, partnered to JNTU , Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. During my undergrad years I could become familiar with the essentials in Transducers and Instrumentation Components, Electrical and Electronic estimations, Electronic Equipment structure, Analytical Instrumentation, Process Control Instrumentation, Power plant Instrumentation , Digital and ideal Control Systems. I saw on different events , particularly in transducers and instrumentation segments which is a huge subject, that there existed a wide enough crack among learning and pragmatic execution. While the college classes empower an understudy to get a handle on the basics associated with a specific order of designing, they don't present the chance to gain proficiency with the ropes with new advancements that are present inside the business. Specialization turns into a need to see new innovations and to enhance the current ones. It is to accomplish this complexity that I set out to seek after my post-graduate (M. S. ) concentrates in Bio-Medical Instrumentation. During my third year occasions I have done a venture on Computerized respiration analysisâ through implanted frameworks, a piece of Bio-Medical instrumentation, one of the electives in the last year. This short spell has given me important down to earth understanding. It has given me the certainty to seek after a master’s qualification and furthermore ignited a longing to do investigate. The college class in Instrumentation and Control Engineering and with the guidance of generally regarded instructors at the school has given me the inspiration to seek after a vocation in Bio-clinical Instrumentation . The sharing of thoughts and new discoveries has consistently been a piece of my undergrad life. Introductions and classes were an ideal open door for me to investigate past the schedule and were instrumental in giving me a serious edge over my friends. I relish an opportunity to enjoy my innovative side and increasing a more profound comprehension of my work in procedure of introductions. I appreciate plunging into a surge of information, choosing pertinent data and conveying everything to a grateful crowd! In second year of my under-graduation I got an opportunity to introduce a paper at national-level on the topic Robotics. The dynamic idea of logical research was uncovered to me as I took a shot at my introduction. Frequently new hypotheses were supplanted by old ones so quick that I was refreshing my stir straight up till the morning I needed to introduce. By this experience I could discover that before starting the primary apply autonomy venture, forthcoming automated specialist and mechanical games lovers must have a fundamental comprehension of the field of apply autonomy and the issues encompassing mechanical frameworks, including mechanical structure, tactile frameworks, electronic control and programming. A fundamental comprehension of smaller scale controller frameworks including sequential and memory-mapped interfacing, just as some accessible open source programming choices ought to likewise be high on the rundown. Mission for information needs significant constancy and a voracious want to learn. Whatever I have accomplished till now can be credited to my constancy and persistence, which I have gained from my affectionate family and culture. With the equivalent inexhaustible soul, I am prepared to use and direct the entirety of my physical and mental capacities to accomplish the equivalent in my future investigations and research work. I accept the field of instrumentation offered so huge a potential that allowed me a chance to settle on Bio-Medical Instrumentation, I would be intrigued to work in the territory of bio-clinical instrumentation which manages its turn of events. I bring along a solid handle of basics, a bent for educating and cooperation, a get-up-and-go for difficulties and an excited want to get familiar with everything I can. Furthermore I might want to take with me a system of solid and enduring connections that I keep up with my educators and individual understudies. I trust that my capabilities and foundation are discovered reasonable for MS in Bio-Medical Instrumentation at ******* college. Having been illuminated by numerous educators and a few graduating seniors about the thorough course work other than having best in class investigate offices, I had no quandary in picking **** college as my fantasy college for seeking after my alumni contemplates. I am certain that *** college with dynamic personnel, well prepared research centers and widely acclaimed graduate projects would help me in accomplishing my objectives and contribute something of my own in my field of intrigue. I accept that with my ability for hardwork, honorable rationale and devotion to accomplish my objectives, I will have the option to do very well in my Graduate course. I assert that I accept it as a test and pull out all the stops of mine in using the assets accessible at your college. I am certain that you will share my certainty and offer me a chance to proceed with my further investigations at your regarded college. The most effective method to refer to Sop Biomedical Engineering, Papers

What Can a Woman Do With a Camera A Practical Example

What Can a Woman Do With a Camera A Practical Example What Can a Woman do with a Camera? Photography for Women, edited by Jo Spence and Joan Solomon, is a a collection of photo essays written by women. The whole book is a reflection on how we, women, see ourselves  represented in media images and how we would represent ourselves if given the chance. Its a breakdown of social constructs and a huge rejection of traditional photographic aesthetics and beauty standards. In taking the simplest photograph we are choosing what to photograph and, just as importantly, we are deciding what to leave out, writes Solomon in the introduction of the book. I feel this is incredibly relevant nowadays: this book was originally published in 1995, when photography wasnt nearly as accessible or shareable as it is now. In a world where sharing moments, special or otherwise, on social media is so pervasive (and sometimes even necessary) we are constantly choosing what to frame within our lens and what to leave out. Even after photos are taken, we edit them and pick the best ones. This book had me thinking about the value of accessible photography and the power of self-representation. If I take a selfie to feel better about the way I look, is it a subversive act of self-love in a world where women are told to hate themselves? Or is it only subversive if I am okay with my flaws, my under eye circles, my bushy eyebrows and my hairy upper lip? Is self-representation whatever we want it to be or is it however people interpret when they see us? These are all difficult questions to answer but I was particularly fascinated with the thought of what we leave out of photographs and why we leave those things out. So, to practice what Spence and Solomon wrote about I experimented with taking photos I wouldnt normally take for a day and heres the curious result. I hope you enjoy a sneak peek into my personal life. I didn’t really know where to start or what to photograph at all especially because, despite having a pretty nice camera, I really suck at the technical side of photography (aperture? what? I have no idea) so I started thinking about the things I wouldn’t photograph at all. My room has been very messy lately because I’ve been applying for PhD programs and trying to keep on top of my MA workload so I haven’t had loads of time to tidy it. Here are a couple of snaps of my messy, out-of-control room: I didnt bother to hide anything about what my room looked at that particular time. You can clearly see books, a bra, a Gryffindor scarf, my untidy bed and even a suitcase in the backgroun of the first photo (which, by the way, I still havent had the time to unpack). I have always associated femininity with cleanliness and tidiness, but actually expressing femininity through cleanliness and tidiness is very difficult when life gets in the way. Am I embarrassed by this mess? A little, but then I realise I am very good at organising my academic and professional lives and I try to convince myself that at least I have my priorities in order. Now, a bit of reflection on body hate. I try to do 30 minutes of yoga every morning but it usually doesn’t work out that way. I am seriously horrible at waking up early and getting out of bed. But I try to be healthy and get my dose of exercise because it makes my body and mind feel better. I dont exactly exercise to lose weight or tone up, but  I still hate bits of my body. I wouldnt normally take this photo, but it is a part of my day: the unflattering sweatpants coupled with a sports bra are my yoga uniform.  I took one of my brightest lipsticks to draw around my belly, which I have loathed since I can remember. But still, I kept my greasy hair out of the frame and I really struggled with actually uploading this photo. Seeing this photo now, I realise I don’t have much reason for this hatred of myself. But every time I look down to my stomach, I hate the way it looks. I dont hate the way it looks in the photo, but I hate the way it looks on my body, which I find really interesting and somewhat contradictory. As I brushed my freshly washed hair that morning, I realised how much hair stuff I actually own to take care of my curls (and how horribly messy that drawer of my life is). Several wide-toothed combs, two huge pots of coconut oil, a huge hairbrush, a hair dryer, a hair straightener and some hair clips. A whole messy drawer dedicated to my messy hair. I tried to get my curls into frame as I bent over the drawer to take a photo. I am always interested to see the view from people’s windows. I think a lot of the time, the first thing you see in the morning can set the tone for your mood. Here’s the view from my window on a particularly sunny day (a rare occurrence in the United Kingdom) where I was actually feeling quite positive about life. Maybe this is a photo I would take any day, but having a quite positive day for me is unusual because I have generalized anxiety disorder. So even though this photo doesnt fully match the main theme, I really wanted to include it (sorry, not sorry). This next selfie has several layers of meaning to me. Firstly, I wanted to show off my One and Only Newcastle Brown Ale” T-shirt because I had just stolen it from my boyfriend the previous day. This T-shirt is oversized and comforting to me, especially because it really belongs to someone I love, who let me take it because he trusts me. Then, theres the fact that I wouldn’t normally post this photo on social media: my hair is wet, I’m pretty sure I am not wearing a bra and the shape of the T-shirt is very unflattering. But that’s the point of this mini-project: what wouldn’t I show you and why the hell not? And this was my practical use of the book  What Can a Woman do with a Camera? Photography for Women.  Has a book ever inspired you to complete a mini-project?

Biography of Louis XV, Beloved King of France

King Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774) was the second-to-last king of France prior to the French Revolution. Although he was known as â€Å"Louis the Beloved,† his fiscal irresponsibility and political maneuvers set the stage for the French Revolution and, ultimately, the fall of the French monarchy. Fast Facts: Louis XV Full Name:  Louis of the house of BourbonOccupation: King of FranceBorn: February 15, 1710 in the Palace of Versailles, FranceDied: May 10, 1774 in the Palace of Versailles, FranceSpouse: Marie LeszczyÅ„skaChildren: Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma; Princess Henriette; Princess Marie Louise; Louis, Dauphin of France; Philippe, Duke of Anjou; Princess Marie Adà ©laà ¯de; Princess Victoire; Princess Sophie; Princess Thà ©rà ¨se; Louise, Abbess of Saint DenisKey Accomplishments: Louis XV led France through a period of immense change, winning (and losing) territories and ruling over the second-longest reign in French history. His political choices, however, laid the foundation of dissent that would eventually lead to the French Revolution. Becoming the Dauphin Louis was the second surviving son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife, Princess Marie Adelaide of Savoy. The Duke of Burgundy was the eldest son of the Dauphin, Louis, who was in turn the eldest son of King Louis XIV, the â€Å"Sun King.† The Duke of Burgundy was known as â€Å"Le Petit Dauphin† and his father as â€Å"le Grand Dauphin.† From 1711 to 1712, a series of illnesses struck the royal family, causing chaos in the line of succession. On April 14, 1711, the â€Å"Grand Dauphin† died of smallpox, which meant that Louis’ father, the Duke of Burgundy, became first in line for the throne. Then, in February 1712, both of Louis’ parents fell ill with measles. Marie Adelaide died on February 12, and the Duke of Burgundy died less than a week later on February 18. This left Louis’ brother, the Duke of Brittany (also, confusingly, named Louis) as the new Dauphin and heir at the age of five. However, in March 1712, both brothers contracted measles as well. A day or two into their illness, the Duke of Brittany died. Their governess, Madame de Ventadour, refused to let doctors continue bleeding Louis, which likely saved his life. He recovered and became the heir to his great-grandfather, Louis XIV. In 1715, Louis XIV died, and five-year-old Louis became King Louis XV. The laws of the land required there to be a regency for the next eight years, until Louis turned thirteen. Officially, the role of Regent went to Phillippe II, Duke of Orleans, the son of Louis XIV’s brother Phillippe. However, Louis XIV had distrusted the Duke of Orleans and preferred that the Regency be held by his favorite illegitimate son, the Duke of Maine; to this end, he had rewritten his will to create a Regency council rather than a singular Regent. In order to circumvent this, Phillippe made a deal with the Parlement of Paris: annul Louis XIV’s changed will in exchange for the return of the droit de remontrance: the right to challenge the king’s decisions. This would prove fatal to the monarchy’s functioning and ultimately lead to the French Revolution. Regency and the Boy King During the Regency, Louis XV spent most of his time at the Tuileries Palace. At the age of seven, his time under Madame de Ventadour’s care ended and he was placed under the tutelage of Franà §ois, the Duke of Villeroy, who educated him and taught him royal etiquette and protocol. Louis developed what would be a lifelong love for hunting and horseback riding. He also came to have an interest in geography and science, which would influence his reign. In October 1722, Louis XV was formally crowned king, and in February 1723, the Regency was formally ended. The Duke of Orleans transitioned into the role of prime minister, but soon died. In his place, Louis XV appointed his cousin, the Duke of Bourbon. The duke turned his attention to brokering a royal marriage. After evaluating nearly a hundred candidates, the somewhat surprisingly choice was Marie LeszczyÅ„ska, a princess from the deposed Polish royal family who was seven years Louis’ senior, and they married in 1725, when he was 15 and she was 22. Their first child was born in 1727, and they had a total of ten children—eight daughters and two sons—over the next decade. Although the king and queen loved one another, the successive pregnancies took a toll on their marriage, and the king began taking mistresses. The most famous of those was Madame de Pompadour, who was his mistress from 1745 to 1750 but remained a close friend and advisor, as well as a major cultural influence. Religious dissent was the first and most enduring problem of Louis’ reign. In 1726, a delayed request from Louis XIV to the pope was fulfilled, and a papal bull was issued condemning Jansenism, a popular subset of Catholic doctrine. Ultimately, the bull was enforced by Cardinal de Fleury (who persuaded Louis to back it), and heavy penalties were levied on religious dissenters. De Fleury and the Duke of Bourbon clashed over the king’s favor, and de Fleury ultimately was the victor. Rule of Fleury From this point until his death in 1743, Cardinal de Fleury was the de facto ruler of France, manipulating and flattering the king into allowing him to make all the decisions. Although the cardinal’s rule produced an appearance of harmony, his strategies for keeping power actually resulted in a growing amount of opposition. He banned debate in Parlement and weakened the navy, both of which came back to haunt the monarchy in huge ways. France was involved in two wars in relatively quick succession. In 1732, the War of Polish Succession began, with France supporting the Queen of France’s father Stanislaw and an Eastern European bloc secretly agreeing to bypass him. Ultimately, Fleury spearheaded a diplomatic solution. Following this, and its role in negotiating the Treaty of Belgrade between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire, France was hailed as a major diplomatic power and came to control trade in the Middle East. The War of Austrian Succession began in late 1740. Louis XV initially refused involvement, but under Fleury’s influence, France allied with Prussia against Austria. By 1744, France was struggling, and Louis XV went to the Netherlands to lead his army himself. In 1746, the French occupied Brussels. The war didn’t end, though, until 1749, and many French citizens were unhappy with the terms of the treaty. Louis’ Later Reign and Legacy With Fleury dead, Louis decided to rule without a prime minister. His first act was to try to reduce the national debt and improve the tax system, but his plans met with fierce opposition from the nobility and the clergy because it taxed them, rather than just â€Å"ordinary† citizens. He also attempted to purge Jansenists from a semi-religious organization of hospitals and shelters. War followed again, first in the New World in the French and Indian War, then against Prussia and Britain directly in the Seven Years’ War. The end result was the end of French rule in Canada and the West Indies. Louis’ government continued to falter; the Parlements rebelled against the king’s taxation authority, which would begin the pre-Revolution dissent. By 1765, Louis had suffered major losses. Madame de Pompadour died in 1764, and his son and heir Louis died of tuberculosis in 1765. Fortunately, the Dauphin had a son who became Dauphin in turn, the future Louis XVI. Tragedy continued: the late Dauphin’s wife died, followed in 1768 by the Queen. By 1769, Louis XV had a new mistress: Madame du Barry, who gained a reputation for crassness and impertinence. In 1770, Louis’ ministers began fighting back against the rebellious Parlements, consolidating royal power, imposing controls on the price of grain, and attempting to rid the tax system of corruption. The same year, Marie Antoinette came to court as the wife of the future Louis XVI. Even in his final years, Louis XV pursued new construction projects. In 1774, Louis fell ill with smallpox. He died on May 10 and was succeeded by his grandson Louis XVI. Although Louis XV was popular during his lifetime, historians point to his hands-off approach, his conflicts with Parlements, his expensive wars and courts, and his suppressive activities as laying the foundation for the French Revolution. The French Enlightenment took place during his reign, with the participation of brilliant minds such as Voltaire and Rousseau, but he also censored many of their works. A handful of historians defend Louis and suggest his negative reputation was created to justify the French Revolution, but that view is in the minority. Ultimately, Louis XV is typically viewed as a poor monarch who gave over too much of his power and in so doing set in motion events that would eventually lead to the destruction of the monarchy and the upheaval of France. Sources Bernier, Olivier. Louis the Beloved: The Life of Louis XV, (1984).â€Å"Louis XV.† Biography, https://www.biography.com/royalty/louis-xv.â€Å"Louis XV: King of France.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XV.

Fireart, Inc. - 3755 Words

Case Two: FireArt, Inc. Diagnosis of team ineffectiveness and corrective action plans FireArt, Inc. has encountered a dilemma where their competitors are now able to profitably make short runs in the production of glass. Because of this competition, Jack Derry, the CEO of FireArt, Inc. has asked Eric Holt to put together a teamÂ…one person from each division, and have a comprehensive plan for the company s strategic realignment up, running, and winning within six months. Eric, being the newly appointed Director of Strategy, knew his overall goal and creates a formal group in order to fulfill the overall organizational mission of turning the company around. However even though a formal group is created, there is a lack of specific†¦show more content†¦For any effective work to occur there must be a certain amount of consensus on basic values. Eric is faced with the problems of whether or not the group will work effectively on the task and if the group will be psychologically satisfying. As n oted in the case study, Eric compiles a list of the senior managers and sets a date for the first meeting. After creating the team members list without input, he proceeds to independently create an agenda for his upcoming meeting. This leaves the team without any input or satisfaction in the creation or initiation of the group process. Eric also faces complex group needs as the group is composed of representatives of various departments. By creating this cross-functional group, Eric was faced with Maureen Turner who was known to complain that FireArt did not appreciate its six artists. Ray LaPierre, the Director of Manufacturing, feels insecure with himself, as he does not speak management due to his apparent lack of education. The only solution for these issues is to provide the group enough common experiences to permit a communication system and a climate of trust to emerge. This experience can be obtained by holding long meetings away from work, by encouraging members to ge t to know each other in more informal settings, or by sending them through some common training experiences. If Eric incorporated these ideas, he would encourage members to get to know each other in more informalShow MoreRelatedEssay on FireArt, Inc.3682 Words   |  15 PagesFireArt, Inc. Diagnosis of team ineffectiveness and corrective action plans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FireArt, Inc. has encountered a dilemma where their competitors are now able to profitably make short runs in the production of glass. Because of this competition, Jack Derry, the CEO of FireArt, Inc. has asked Eric Holt to put together a team†¦one person from each division, and have a comprehensive plan for the company’s strategic realignment up, running, and winning within six months. Eric, being the newlyRead MoreThe Team That Wasnt3588 Words   |  15 PagesWasn’t†, review of information received during the EMBA Retreat at Mercer University, and the compilation of topic specific research articles retrieved from a variety of academic databases. The Team That Wasn’t - Case Analysis Problem Statement: FireArt, Inc. is not prepared to use the â€Å"team† concept in its managerial structure; as a result, middle management cannot make the adjustments necessary to meet their assigned objectives. Assumptions: †¢ The relationship between Randy and CEO is unbreakableRead MoreMba 653 the Team That Wasnt Case Study2170 Words   |  9 PagesSection 1: Introduction Moving from New York City to the Midwest, Eric Holt has recently taken a new job as the director of strategy at a regional glass manufacturer named FireArt Inc. The CEO of the company, Jack Derry, has tasked Eric with developing a comprehensive plan for the company’s strategic realignment which needs to be implemented and working within the next six months. Eric has put together a team of the top six managers, one from each division, to accomplish this task. Unfortunately

Consumer Securities Trading in United States Free Essays

string(45) " in hopes of competing with the discounters\." The following is an in depth look at the effects the Internet has had on trading securities in the United States. Its purpose is to define the impact of the Internet by determining specific changes in the structure of the trading market as a result of the numerous online brokerages that have surfaced in the past few years. A brief look at traditional brokerages and market characteristics prior to the advent of the Internet provides a foundation with which to measure many of its impacts. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Securities Trading in United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now The arrival of the online brokerage model has not only introduced an entirely new vehicle with which to trade securities, but it also beginning to effect the way traditional brokerages view their own business models. Specifically, it appears that both the online/discount model and full service model of brokerages will both succeed in the next few years, with the top firms exhibiting characteristics somewhere between the two extremes. New Ameritrade television commercials debuted early this year with a twenty-something-year-old punk extolling the virtues of his new brokerage account to various business men and women. Perhaps the witty E*trade commercial featuring monkeys that first aired during the 2000 Super Bowl was more notable. These commercials are quite a contrast to the traditional brokerage commercials of Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, and Fidelity among others. This contrast is for good reason. Online brokerages have uprooted the traditional model of consumer securities trading and have attracted a critical mass of followers. Before brokerage fees were deregulated 1975, eliminating fixed commissions, trading was something only done by the wealthy. Since then, fees have dropped considerably among the full-service firms making it possible for more and more people to manage portfolios. Until 1995 there was still a fundamental restraint for many consumers: access to timely and accurate information at any time from their own computer. With the arrival of online brokerages in 1995 came a slew of options for investors, new and old, to access an abundance of information and research, and to initiate their own trades all at considerably discounted fees. According to Deutsche Banc, as of 2Q00, online brokerage accounts represented approximately 25% of all accounts in the United States. Furthermore, by 2003, online brokerage accounts are estimated to control 50% of the brokerage market. The online model has already attracted nearly 20 million investors, initiating an increase in overall trading volume. An brief examination of the brokerage industry pre-arrival of the Internet and an in depth look at the brokerage industry now illuminates the many differences and possible implications for the future of consumer securities trading in the United States. Traditional brokerages have been operating freely since 1975. The deregulation of brokerage fees at this time allowed new firms to enter the market, marking the first major alteration in the way Wall Street traditionally offered its services. Before 1975, the market consisted solely of â€Å"full service† firms, those firms who offer trading, research, and financial advice through brokers or financial advisors at a considerable fee. After fees were deregulated, â€Å"discount† firms began to appear, offering consumers smaller fees, but at the cost of less research and financial advice. The market slowly split between these two types of business models, but they were fundamentally similar for 20 years: generate revenue by providing consumers the ability to trade and receive financial advice based upon firm research. The concept of having a broker, or financial advisor who acts as an agent for consumers, was the prevailing idea of stock trading in between 1975 and 1995. Many of those who had portfolios would leave its management entirely up to their brokers, others would call periodically for advice, and some would be actively co-managing their portfolios with the broker. The prevailing model for securities trading was still professionally managed, although different levels of management and cost evolved at this time. Wall Street was altered again in 1995, probably more significantly than in 1975, when securities trading and the Internet converged. According to the Securities Industry Association, K. Aufhasuer Company was the first to execute securities trading online in 1994. However, it was not until 1995 that the first online brokerages debuted their new business model. Momentum mounted quickly, as many investors flocked to the lure of extremely discounted prices and quick trade execution. Without the â€Å"brick and mortar† presence typical of the traditional brokerages and a significantly less extensive network of research and financial advice, online brokerages can offer transactions at fractions of the costs of traditional brokerages, even of the traditional discounters. The first online investors were, and still are, predominantly â€Å"a mix of young, first-time investors and older, more experience ones,† according to a McKinsey Company study. When online brokerages first surfaced, they introduced an entirely unique channel for delivering securities trading to consumers. No other brokerage firms offered the ability to trade securities over the Internet; it was exclusively reserved for those companies referred to as â€Å"online brokerages. † This has changed however over the past couple of years. Traditional full-service brokerages are beginning to adopt their own online components. The two most frequently cited reasons for the scramble of full service firms to enter the online market were customer pressure, and the fear of asset flight to online brokerages, according to a Deloitte Touche Survey. The ability to distinguish these early online brokerages from full service firms is no longer a matter of whether or not they offer online services. The distinguishing feature now is between the cost of their services, segregating firms into a classification again of â€Å"discount† or â€Å"full service. In a sense, the online model has redefined â€Å"discount,† moving the discount brokerage to a much further extreme. Indeed, it is true that most of the firms that are classified today simply as â€Å"discount† are founded on an online business model or have quickly adopted online capabilities, but many of the full service firms, as mentioned, are turning to the online channel in hopes of competing with the discounters. You read "Consumer Securities Trading in United States" in category "Essay examples" Therefore, when an â€Å"online brokerage† is referred to, it implies both the discount firms and the few full service firms with online capabilities. The evolution of the online brokerage market has been explosive in growth, catapulting from just one online brokerage in 1995 to an estimated 170 in 2000, totaling 19. 5 million online accounts (refer to Figure 1 below). The first online brokerages to emerge were predominantly â€Å"deep† discount, followed by mid discount firms, and finally some of the traditional discount incumbents adopted an online strategy and are now classified as mid-tier firms. To illustrate this trend, consider the emergence of 5 of today’s top 6 online brokerages: In 1996, two major deep discount firms emerged, Datek and Ameritrade. Over the next two years, two major mid-discount firms appeared, E*trade and DLJdirect. In 1998, Charles Schwab made their presence felt in the online market which was one of the few traditional discount firms before the online model developed. Fidelity quickly followed suit. This upsurge of online brokerages and the trend for some of the traditional brokerages to go online has had some lasting effects on the securities trading market, which will be explored in the next two sections. The impact of online brokerages is manifested in nearly every aspect of the securities trading market today. Trading volume increase is one of the largest impacts, as a result of the ease and availability of trading that online accounts bring to consumers. It is worth examining the numbers to determine if the large increases in trading volume are actually a result of online accounts, or merely pure correlation with a booming bull market. Over the past decade, the volume of shares traded on the NASDAQ stock market has grown at a compound annual rate of 26%, but since the arrival of online brokerages in 1995, it has grown at a rate of 30%. Although this is not an enormous increase, it is certainly quite significant. To look at it in another light, online accounts represented 15% of all brokerage accounts in the US, but more than 37% of the trading volume. Based upon past experience in the stock market, it may seem that this increase in trading volume is an entirely productive result. However, much of the trading volume from online accounts is a result of day trading, which raises concerns with the SEC. Day trading was not possible before online brokerages made it possible to quickly and effectively trade securities multiple times daily. It is a speculative business, more so than the traditional brokerage business. As Deloitte Touche describes it, â€Å"Customers usually [trade] in and out of several securities positions every day hoping to earn a positive spread on their transactions. † The SEC is responsible for maintaining fair and orderly markets, to protect investors, and to enforce securities laws that were established upon principles that day trading discards. According to a Deloitte Touche survey, 62% of discount firms said they would offer services to day traders versus 0% at full service firms. Most online brokerages recognize that day traders make up an integral portion of their customer base, and do not wish to sacrifice the relationship. Day trading is one negative result of the advent of online brokerages that will remain a challenge for some time to come. Another notable consequence of online brokerages is the further development of after hours trading. The New York Stock Exchange first expanded its hours to â€Å"off hours† trading in 1991. The NYSE added a modest extension extending the after hours from 4pm to 5:15pm. It is now possible, with an online account to trade at any time. This can be advantageous to many investors in giving them more flexibility regarding time availability and for investors overseas who have holdings in US securities and cannot trade at regularly scheduled hours. After hours trading in 1999 represented 50% of all online transactions. Online brokerages have improved execution time quite dramatically to an average of 20 seconds per trade versus nearly 60 seconds for full service firms. In addition to improved execution time, the reliability and accuracy of online executions at discount firms is generally considered to be far superior to full service firms’ online counterparts. The reasons most frequently cited for this are two-fold. First, most discount firms are built upon an online model, it is their core competency, allowing them to devote all of their efforts to perfect the core of their business model. Discount firms rely on trade volume for revenue, not asset accumulation, so it is imperative that their trade execution is the best that it can be. The second reason for superior trade execution at discount firms is that full service firms simply do not devote the same technological resources to their online channel. Full service firms focus primarily on performing cutting edge research, and providing sound financial advice through its network of brokers. The speed and reliability in execution at discount firms has been one of the top attractions of investors, along with largely discounted prices. The online brokerage market has also greatly impacted the availability of brokerage services to those who were previously unreachable. This hinges upon Internet penetration in the US, which is approaching 120 million active adult Internet users, or a penetration rate of 50%. As was mentioned previously, the first investors to move online were mainly those who were brand new to securities trading, or those who were experienced enough to feel confident trading with little or no professional advice. Most of them brought below average asset values online. In fact, in mid-1999, although online accounts represented 15% of all brokerage accounts, they only represented 5% of the total assets. As stated previously, these accounts also accounted 37% of the trading volume. That would indicate that the online brokerages do not focus on producing revenue through asset accumulation, but through trading volume. This has some major implications to be discussed in the next session. The majority of discount firms rely on trading volume to create revenue through their online offerings. This means they depend on accumulating customers who trade frequently in order to collect fees for trades made. Trade volume has been increasing quite dramatically over the past few, as the percentage of online trades increases as a proportion of total. This bodes well for the online brokerages who are accumulating customers, although those players who are at the bottom of the pack will likely fall out soon. The market is remarkably consolidated after just 4 years in existence. In fact, the top ten online brokerages comprise 90% of the online assets and accounts, and the top 4 comprise 86%. Those brokerages who are having a tough time accumulating customers and trade volume even while the online brokerage market is hot, will likely fall out soon. Referring back to Figure 1, it can be seen that the number of online brokerage firms is expected to decrease over the next few years while the number of online accounts increases. The online industry is consolidating quickly while continuing to grow. Although there is still a large disparity between discount firms and full service firms in terms of how they operate and what they offer, this is likely to change in the coming years. Already, the trend for full service firms to go online is in motion, and there are even some discount firms that are beginning to complement their trading services with plans for banking, insurance, and bill payment services. Currently, discount firms have approximately 74% of their transactions online versus 18% online at full service firms. In a Deloitte Touche survey, 100% of full service firms said they planned to use online trading to enter new businesses, create alliances, or shift the business model, and 74% of discount firms said they planned to add additional services that are typically offered only by full service firms. It appears that the two extremes in brokerage services are headed towards a common middle ground. As the author of the Deloitte Touche study put it, â€Å"the distinction between discount brokers and full service firms is becoming less evident. There is distinct evidence that the brokerages that will prevail in the next decade will have features of both a discount brokerage and a full service brokerage. A 50/50 hybrid model of online and full service could prevail, but it is more likely that the future constituents will be based on one core competency (online vs. full service) and have significant characteristics of its counterpart. This is because each business model appeals to different segments of the population. It is generally agreed that full service firms have a distinct advantage in advertising dollars and brand equity, and appeal to investors with more money and/or less knowledge of investing. Online brokerages appeal generally to investors with less money and/or more knowledge of investing. At this point in time, they are quite distinct, but the gap is closing. Another salient example of this phenomenon is that the top focus of current marketing strategies for 18% of online brokerages is to build brand equity, a la the full service firms. Each model, discount and full service, is moving to a common ground. The question that now stands is, who will win out? It is not an easy task to predict the future, or the future of brokerage services in the United States for that matter. One thing is for sure: the online channel will succeed. The top brokerages of the future will certainly incorporate online components very significantly. Those that will continue to succeed will be able to be flexible and adjust to the changing demands of consumers and technology, just as the top firms today are able to embrace the online channel. As Deloitte Touche put it, â€Å"firms that cannot be innovative will find themselves niche players or acquisition targets. â€Å" How to cite Consumer Securities Trading in United States, Essay examples

Saxonville Sausage Case Analysis Essay Sample free essay sample

Saxonville Sausage Company. a 70-year-old in private held household concern. produces a assortment of porc sausage merchandises. therefore already holding a loyal client base. Their Italian sausage. soon branded as Vivio. became portion of the Italian sausage market in 2002. yet has experienced level gross revenues. Therefore. the company needs to increase their consciousness. client base. and gross revenues with their Italian Sausage merchandises. They must now find an ideal name for their line of Italian sausage. and if they should go on nationally with the Vivio trade name name. or make different tactics. including a name alteration. in positioning the merchandise. In order to derive a clear apprehension of the merchandise benefits. properties and ideals. the company needs to understand current behaviours. consumer triggers to buy. and their unmet demands. through extended research and consumer analysis. External Situation ( See Appendix 1 for full listing ) The figure of people eating sausage for breakfast is diminishing. We will write a custom essay sample on Saxonville Sausage Case Analysis Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as it is going more of a basic for particular occasions. such as weekends. Yet. with the right selling program. Saxonville has the possible to go a national class leader and do their merchandise popular amongst every major food market shop in the U. S. Since 2004. all sausage manufacturers had seen wholly level growing. 0 % volume addition countrywide. for both the bratwurst and breakfast classs. And. in the short-run. small or no growing was expected. Despite this slow advancement of the market. Italian sausage showed growing across manufacturers in the retail sausage market. The Saxonville squad believes Italian sausage has an untapped potency market with male cooks. who may desire to do sausage a broil basic for weekend barbeques. Achieving more shops in the northeasterly markets is another chance for the company. Internal Situation ( See Appendix 1 for full listing ) Vivio has created an established relationship with consumers under the Saxonville trade name name. In 2005. the company was able to bring forth grosss of about $ 1. 5 billion. Even though Vivio is merely available in 16 % of the nation’s largest supermarkets. the merchandise was able to fit the degree of class growing in the retail sausage market. With these achievements. the company must besides analyse their defects. Saxonville’s bratwurst and breakfast sausage is sold across the U. S. . but is really limitedly distributed in shops in the northeasterly markets. The company underperformed the market in breakfast sausage. ensuing in a double-digit diminution in gross. Saxonville doesn’t spend adequate money in the breakfast class to vie with large participants. The Bratwurst division fired their ad bureau midway through the twelvemonth. therefore were unable to develop a new run. They besides did non make plenty in positioning Vivio or making a typical individual ity. Equally far as selling goes. Saxonville merely supported the Vivio trade name with base trade disbursement. They besides have non spent the clip to carry on market research on the Italian client. Strategic Alternatives ( See Appendix 2 for pros and cons of each option ) After much research and scrutiny. there are a few options the company can see to better their topographic point in the market. To win. the trade name should associate its merchandise to the nucleus values of their mark consumers. so clients will experience good about utilizing that trade name. In order to find the best placement scheme. Banks conducted qualitative and quantitative research from mark consumers to understand their behaviours and demands. The best beginning for penetration on how the company should place itself is females. since they are the primary buyers and prepares of Italian sausage. Research showed that the company has two feasible options to take from in nearing a placement construct to prosecute. The first option would be to place the company’s Italian sausage with the mantra. Family Connection. which is closest to the mark customer’s nucleus values. A 2nd option would be to place the sausage with the phrase. Clever Cooking. It was easier to supply tactical support for Clever Cooking. Because the activity of out-of-door broil of bratwurst is non correlated to the consumers’ usage of Italian sausage on the weekends. the company doesn’t need to fear the cannibalization of their other trade names with this selling scheme. Both options have proven feasible constructs and suit the standards necessary of being realizable by the chosen day of the month for the brand’s national launch. Recommendation To optimise trade name individuality. the company should prosecute the first option of marketing the thought of Family Connection. This thought is more typical and lasting holding resulted in the highest figure of purchase purpose when compared to the other construct. This placement thought besides received the highest ballots in a canvass of consumers. inquiring which positioning construct they liked best. The Family Connection construct is meant to picture household and friends sharing one repast of good nutrient – â€Å"It Welcomes You In. † This construct entreaties to the emotional and functional benefits of Saxonville’s mark consumers’ nucleus values. of desiring to experience per se. that ( she ) is making a good occupation and will fulfill her trade name demands. Because â€Å"Vivio† ranked 7th when asked which trade name names fit best with the consumers’ â€Å"ideal† Italian sausage merchandise. I believe it is in the company ’s best involvement to reconsider the name of their Italian sausage trade name. The most popular name was â€Å"Italy’s Best. † Saxonville has established trueness with their trade name individuality and should do certain that when renaming their Italian sausage merchandise. they should include their name on the label and selling run. As for the 4P’s. I believe the company should lodge with their current merchandise. Italian sausage. but rename the merchandise. The monetary value of the merchandise is equal yet the company should pass more money on their advertisement of this peculiar merchandise. The company can market Italian sausage to Italian fresh markets which are known for their high quality meats. This would assist to make the homey. reliable. Italian heritage image. consumers crave. Recording current consumer information. such as nothing codification. as they purchase. will assist the company track the â€Å"place† of mark clients and finally enter a different market. This will enable the company to see which geographical cou ntries they are losing. while non taking concentrate off from present clients. Decision In decision. Saxonville should go on with their Italian sausage merchandise. but should rename the trade name from Vivio. to Italy’s Best. They should besides spread out the geographic parts in which their sausage merchandise is available to northeasterly supermarkets. to bring forth more gross. Even though Vivio. has created an established relationship with Saxonville consumers. we have come up with a program that won’t deflect from this advantage. In advertisement. Saxonville should include their household name when mentioning to Italy’s Best. every bit good as their traditional nickname. â€Å"The Family Company† . Saxonville stalwarts will acknowledge the mantra and trade name. and hence seek an extra merchandise by the trade name that they may non typically purchase. In the long tally. passing a little more to strategically market this trade name of the company will make exponential benefits for Saxonville in grosss. This revamped positioning scheme f or Saxonville will better their net income aims and turn the company’s trade name trueness. It will besides better their stance in the market of breakfast sausage and finally assist them go the national class leader for the market.